Answer and Return Envoy - Kaito Kensa Tsukanshi

Japanese: 回答兼刷還使 - かいとうけんさつかんし
Answer and Return Envoy - Kaito Kensa Tsukanshi

…The successive Shoguns after Tokugawa Ieyasu did not send direct envoys, except in cases where the So clan of Tsushima had falsified their names, so only Korean envoys came to Japan, and the exchange of sovereign letters was also done at that time. The number of envoys to the Tokugawa Shoguns is generally considered to be 12, including nine "envoys" from 1636 (Kan'ei 13) to 1811 (Bunka 8), and three "envoys for reply and return" from 1607 (Keicho 12) to 1624 (Kan'ei 1). The first three were called so because the Korean side used the pretext of "reply" to the So clan's forged sovereign letters and "return" Koreans who had been abducted to Japan during the Bunroku-Keicho War. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "Answer and Return Envoy" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…徳川家康以後の歴代将軍は,対馬の宗氏が詐称した場合を除いて,直接使節を送らなかったので,朝鮮から通信使が来日するのみとなり,国書の交換もその際にまとめて行われることになった。徳川将軍への通信使は,通常,1636年(寛永13)から1811年(文化8)までの9回の〈通信使〉に,1607年(慶長12)から1624年(寛永1)までの3回の〈回答兼刷還使〉を加えて,前後12回とされている。初めの3回は,朝鮮側は,宗氏の偽作した国書に対する〈回答〉と,〈文禄・慶長の役〉の際に日本に拉致された朝鮮人の〈刷還〉を名目としたため,こう呼んだ。…

※「回答兼刷還使」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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