A dam with a planar arch shape that convexly faces upstream. It was previously made of stone, but since the end of the 19th century it has been made of concrete. Arch dams have a horizontal arch and a vertical cantilever beam that can withstand the weight of the dam, water pressure, earthquake forces, and other loads. This allows the dam to be made thinner and saves concrete, but because part of the load is transferred to both banks by the arch action and supported by both banks, the construction site must be solid bedrock not only at the bottom but also on both banks. According to the 2011 Dam Yearbook (Japan Dam Association), there are 53 arch dams in Japan, 19 of which are over 100 meters high. The first arch dam in Japan was the Minari Dam (42 meters high) on the Hii River in Shimane Prefecture, which was completed in 1953 (Showa 28), and the 110-meter-high Kami-Shiiba Dam (Mimi River, Miyazaki Prefecture) was built in 1955. The tallest dam in Japan, Kurobe Dam (Kurobe River, Toyama Prefecture, 186 meters high, completed in 1963), is an arch dam. The tallest dam in the world, Jinping No. 1 Dam in China (305 meters high, completed in 2012), is also an arch dam. [Noboru Ikawa] ©Shogakukan Library "> Arch dam structure A hydroelectric dam located upstream on the Kurobe River. It was completed in 1963 after difficult construction work that claimed many lives. During construction, it was called "Kurobe 4 Dam" because it was the dam for the Kurobe River No. 4 Power Station. It is an arch dome dam with a dam length of 492m, a dam height of 186m (the longest in Japan), and a water storage capacity of approximately 200 million tons. It is part of the Chubu Sangaku National Park. Tateyama Town, Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture © KEPCO Amenics "> Kurobe Dam Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
平面形状が上流に凸のアーチ形をしているダム。以前は石でつくられていたが、19世紀末以降はコンクリートでつくられるようになった。アーチダムは、水平なアーチと鉛直な片持ち梁(ばり)とでダムの自重、水圧、地震力などの荷重に耐える構造をしており、ダムの厚さを薄くでき、コンクリートを節約できるが、荷重の一部をアーチ作用により両岸に伝え、両岸で支えることになるので、建設地点は底部だけでなく、両岸も堅固な岩盤であることが必要である。2011年版ダム年鑑(日本ダム協会)によると、日本には53のアーチダムがあり、100メートル以上の高さのダムが19ある。日本最初のアーチダムは1953年(昭和28)に竣工した島根県斐伊(ひい)川の三成(みなり)ダム(高さ42メートル)であるが、1955年には高さ110メートルの上椎葉(かみしいば)ダム(宮崎県耳川)がつくられた。日本でもっとも高い黒部ダム(富山県黒部川、高さ186メートル、1963年竣工)はアーチダムである。また世界でもっとも高い中国の錦屏(ジンピン)第1ダム(高さ305メートル、2012年竣工)もアーチダムである。 [鮏川 登] ©小学館ライブラリー"> アーチダムの構造 黒部川上流にある発電用ダム。多くの犠牲者を出す難工事を経て1963年(昭和38)に完成した。建設中は黒部川第四発電所のダムであることから「黒四ダム」とよばれていた。アーチ式ドームダムで、堤長492m、堤高186m(国内第1位)、貯水量約2億t。中部山岳国立公園の一部。富山県中新川郡立山町©関電アメニックス"> 黒部ダム 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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