1,3-diazine. It is a water-soluble basic compound with a molecular weight of 80.1. Its derivatives are important for living organisms, and pyrimidine and its derivatives are collectively called pyrimidine bases. These are components of nucleic acids and nucleotides in living organisms. The three pyrimidine bases that are particularly abundant and important are cytosine, uracil, and thymine. Thymine is mainly found in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), uracil in RNA (ribonucleic acid), and cytosine in both DNA and RNA. In the double helix structure of DNA, the pyrimidine bases thymine and cytosine form base pairs with their complementary purine bases through hydrogen bonds. Thymine forms base pairs with adenine, and cytosine forms base pairs with guanine. Uracil is not found in DNA, but it can form base pairs with adenine. The ability to form such base pairs between pyrimidine bases and purine bases is very important for nucleic acids to be replicated and transcribed. In addition to these three types, nucleic acids also contain trace amounts of pyrimidine bases such as 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. [Kenichi Kasai] [References] | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Structural formula of pyrimidine Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1・3‐ジアジンのこと。水に溶けやすい塩基性化合物で、分子量は80.1。生物にとって重要なのはその誘導体であり、ピリミジンおよびその誘導体を総称してピリミジン塩基とよぶことがある。これらは生体内で核酸およびヌクレオチドの構成成分となっている。とくに含まれる量も多くて重要なピリミジン塩基は、シトシン、ウラシル、チミンの3種である。チミンはおもにDNA(デオキシリボ核酸)に含まれ、ウラシルはRNA(リボ核酸)に、シトシンはDNAとRNAの両方に含まれている。DNAの二重螺旋(らせん)構造のなかで、チミン、シトシンのピリミジン塩基は、それぞれに相補的なプリン塩基と水素結合によって塩基対(つい)を形成している。チミンはアデニンと、シトシンはグアニンと塩基対を形成する。また、ウラシルはDNAには含まれていないが、アデニンと塩基対をつくることができる。ピリミジン塩基とプリン塩基の間のこのような塩基対をつくる性質は、核酸が複製されたり転写されたりするために非常に重要である。これら3種のほかに、核酸には5-メチルシトシン、5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンなどのピリミジン塩基も微量存在する。 [笠井献一] [参照項目] | | | | |©Shogakukan"> ピリミジンの構造式 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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