Eastland Company

Japanese: イーストランド会社 - いーすとらんどかいしゃ
Eastland Company

...That is, there are two types of companies: regulated companies, which are essentially a collection of individual capitals and maintain the individuality of each member, and joint-stock companies, which concentrate the capital of investors to carry out a single business activity. The former, which is often translated as "union" and can be said to be a direct descendant of medieval guilds, are typified by the Staple Company, which controlled wool exports from England in the 15th century, and the Merchant Adventurers, which monopolized woolen exports to Northwestern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Other examples include the Eastland Company (founded in 1579), which developed trade in the Baltic Sea, and the Levant Company (which monopolized trade with the Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey after being reorganized in 1592). On the other hand, the early Moscow Company (also known as the Russian Company, founded in 1555) and the Levant Company (from their founding in 1581 to 1592) were joint stock companies.

*Some of the terminology that refers to the Eastland Company is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…すなわち,本質的に個別資本の集合体にすぎず,個々の構成員の主体性が維持されているレギュレーテッド・カンパニーregulated company(制規会社)と,出資者の資本を集中して単一の企業活動を行うジョイントストック・カンパニーjoint‐stock company(合本制会社)とである。しばしば〈組合〉の訳語があてられ,中世ギルドの直系といってよい前者は,15世紀にイギリスからの羊毛輸出を握っていたステープル・カンパニーや16,17世紀に北西欧への毛織物輸出を独占した冒険商人組合(マーチャント・アドベンチャラーズ)などに代表されるが,ほかにバルト海貿易を展開したイーストランド会社(1579創設)や1592年に改組されてからのレバント会社(東地中海・トルコ貿易を独占した)などがある。他方,初期のモスコー会社(Muscovy Company,別名ロシア会社,1555設立)やレバント会社(1581年の創設時から92年まで)は合本制をとった。…

※「イーストランド会社」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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