To write a name on a document and affix a seal (stamp) to clarify the responsibility of the creator. A name can be written by hand, stamped with a rubber stamp, printed, typewritten, etc., and is usually used in the narrow sense to distinguish it from a signature. When signing and stamping a document, it is considered that there is no particular need for a relationship between the name and the stamp, and for example, it is acceptable to write one's real name and affix a seal showing a pen name. In the Commercial Code, when a signature is required, it can be replaced by a name and seal (Article 32 of the Commercial Code). In the Bills and Notes Act and the Cheques Act, a signature includes a name and seal (Article 82 of the Bills and Notes Act, Article 67 of the Cheques Act). Also, if the person who should sign and affix a seal is unable to sign, they may have someone else sign and affix a seal, and if they are unable to affix a seal, a thumbprint may be acceptable (Criminal Procedure Rules, Article 61). However, for notifications of marriage and birth (Family Registration Law, Article 29) and the creation of wills (Civil Law, Articles 968 and following), the signatures (handwritten signatures) and seals of the parties are required. [Yasutaka Abe and Shuzo Toda] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
文書上に作成者の責任を明らかにするなどのために氏名を記載し、かつ印章を捺印(押印)すること。記名は自署・ゴム印・印刷・タイプライターなどいずれでもよく、通常は、自署(署名)と区別した狭義の意味で用いられる。記名捺印において、記名と捺印との関連はとくに必要がないと認められ、たとえば本名を記載し、雅号を表した印章を押捺してもよいとされる。 商法上、署名が要求されている場合に、記名捺印をもってこれにかえることができる(商法32条)。手形法、小切手法上、署名は記名捺印を含む(手形法82条、小切手法67条)。 また、署名・押印すべき者が署名ができないときは他人に代書させて押印することも認められ、押印もできないときには拇印(ぼいん)(指印)でよいとされる場合もある(刑事訴訟規則61条)。しかしながら、婚姻・出生などの届出(戸籍法29条)、遺言証書の作成(民法968条以下)などについては、当事者の署名(自署)と、捺印が必要とされる。 [阿部泰隆・戸田修三] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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