Deontology - Gimuron (English spelling)

Japanese: 義務論 - ぎむろん(英語表記)deontology
Deontology - Gimuron (English spelling)
A coined word combining the Greek words deon (duty) and logos (science). In moral theory, the justification for the rightness of an action can be broadly divided into two positions: deontology and teleology. Deontology holds that the value of an action is judged by the value of the action itself and cannot be reduced to anything else, while teleology holds that the value of an action is judged by the result or purpose it brings. Kant is a representative of the former position, while hedonism and utilitarianism are representative of the latter. From a deontological standpoint, for example, the act of "keeping a promise" is right because the act itself is a duty, not because it brings about good results for oneself or society. Otherwise, it would lead to the conclusion that it is okay to break a promise if it becomes inconvenient. In that sense, the words of Ferdinand I, "Let justice be done, even if the world is destroyed," succinctly express the idea of ​​deontology. In recent years, J. Rawls' theory of justice has developed a theory of social justice from this standpoint.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ギリシア語の deon (義務) と logos (学問) を組合せた造語。道徳理論においては,ある行為が正しいということを正当化する根拠として,義務論と目的論の2つの立場に大別される。行為の価値は,その行為そのものの価値によって判断されるのであって,ほかに還元されるものではないとするのが義務論であり,行為の価値はその行為がもたらす結果ないしは目的によって判断されるとする立場を目的論という。前者の立場の代表がカントであり,後者の立場は快楽主義や功利主義に代表される。義務論の立場からすれば,たとえば「約束を守る」という行為が正しいのは,その行為そのものが義務だからであり,それが自分,あるいは社会にとってよい結果をもたらすからではない。そうでなければ,都合が悪くなれば約束を破ってもいいという帰結が生じてしまうからである。「正義はなされよ,よしや世界が滅ぶとも」というフェルディナンド1世の言葉はその意味で義務論の考え方を端的に表現している。近年では J.ロールズの正義論がこの立場からの社会的正義論を展開させている。

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