… When France was occupied by Germany during World War II, many people who fled or resisted the occupying rule hid in the mountains and forests. In particular, after 1942, the system of compulsory labor conscription (STO) was introduced, initially for young people between the ages of 21 and 35, but the following year it was expanded to all French people, and people were forcibly sent to Germany to work. This caused a sudden increase in the number of people fleeing to the mountains and forests. These people also engaged in guerilla activities in various places, becoming a powerful force in the resistance. … From [Resistance]...On the other hand, within the country, armed organizations were created by various resistance groups, and the armed struggle against the occupying forces expanded with small-scale guerilla-like activities. In particular, from 1942 to 1943, the German army imposed a system of "compulsory labor conscription (STO)," and people who refused to do so began to form the Maquis, whose activities expanded greatly. The Maquis gave a new character to the French Resistance. *Some of the terminology used to refer to "compulsory labor" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 第2次世界大戦においてフランスがドイツの占領下に置かれたとき,占領支配を逃れ,またそれに抵抗した者たちが多く山や森に隠れた。とりわけ1942年以降,義務労働徴用(S.T.O.)の制度が導入されて,当初,21歳から35歳までの青年層を対象に,翌年これが全フランス人に拡大され,人びとが強制的にドイツへ労働のために送られるようになって,山野に逃れる人びとは一挙に増大した。こうした者たちが各地でゲリラ活動をも展開し,レジスタンスの有力な部隊となった。… 【レジスタンス】より…他方,国内ではレジスタンス諸組織によって武装組織が生み出され,占領軍に対する武装闘争も小人数のゲリラ的活動が拡大していった。とくに1942年から43年にかけてドイツ軍によって〈義務労働徴用(STO)〉制度が敷かれ,これを拒否する人びとがマキを形成するようになって,その活動は大きくひろがった。マキはフランスのレジスタンスに新しい特徴を与えたものである。… ※「義務労働徴用」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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