A title used in ancient Rome to refer to the most important citizen among citizens. It is translated as "prince." Originally it meant the head of a clan. During the Republican period, it was written at the top of the list of senators, and referred to the first person to speak in a council, the number one citizen. It also referred to an ideal or leading figure, as M. Cicero used to describe Pompey (Pompey the Elder) and Julius Caesar. Augustus showed respect for the Republic by calling himself princeps, but in the early Imperial period, the meaning of princeps came to be equivalent to that of a head of state, and subsequent emperors also adopted this title. It is also the origin of the English word "prince." (→ principatius ) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代ローマにおける市民中の第一人者の呼称。元首と訳される。元来は氏族の首長の意。共和政期には元老院議員名簿の筆頭に記され,会議で最初に発言する人物,第一の市民をさした。また理想的な,あるいは指導的な人物をもさし,M.キケロはポンペイウス (大ポンペイウス) やユリウス・カエサルをこう表現している。アウグスツスはプリンケプスと称することによって,共和政への敬意を示したが,帝政初期には事実上プリンケプスの意味は元首のそれに等しいものとなり,以後の皇帝もこの呼称を採用した。英語のプリンス princeなどの語源でもある。 (→プリンキパツス )
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