This unified test was conducted nationwide from 1979 to 1989 to improve the selection method for university students. Its official name is the "National and Public University Entrance Examination Common First Academic Ability Test." In the 1960s, the rate of university enrollment rose sharply, but competition intensified due to the tendency for applicants to concentrate on certain universities and faculties. As a result, the selection method was strengthened to focus on academic ability tests, and questions that deviated from the high school curriculum guidelines began to appear, causing the negative effect of high school education becoming knowledge-based exam preparation. For this reason, from around 1970, the National University Association, the University Entrance Examination Improvement Council, the National Association of High School Principals, and others began to consider reforming the entrance examination system for national and public universities. As a result, the National Center for University Entrance Examinations was established in 1977 to prepare the Common First Academic Ability Test, and after several trial tests, it was decided to implement the test from the 1979 entrance examination. The first test was held in January in five subjects and seven sections using a multiple choice system, and the second test was held at each university in March. Each university decided to select candidates for admission based on the results of both tests. After that, various reform proposals were considered regarding the continuation of this system, and as a result, it was succeeded by the "National Center Test for University Admissions" system in 1990, and all national, public, and private universities were allowed to freely use it. [Manomiya Yu] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大学入学者選抜方法の改善のために、1979年度(昭和54)から1989年度(平成1)まで全国的規模で実施された統一試験。正式名称は「国公立大学入試選抜共通第一次学力試験」。1960年代には大学進学率が急上昇したが、それとともに特定の大学・学部への志願者の集中傾向により競争がいっそう激化した。その結果、学力検査中心の選抜方法が強化され、また高校の学習指導要領から逸脱した出題なども現れ、高校教育が知識中心の受験準備教育に陥るような弊害を生じてきた。このため1970年ごろから、国立大学協会、大学入試改善会議、全国高校長協会などを中心に、国公立大学の入学試験制度の改革が検討された。その結果、1977年度には共通一次試験のための大学入試センターが発足し、数回の試行テストののち、1979年度入試から実施されることとなった。共通一次試験は1月に5教科7科目についてマークシート方式で実施され、3月に各大学ごとの二次試験が行われた。各大学は両者の結果をもとに入学候補者を選抜することとした。その後この制度の存続をめぐって、各種の改革案が検討された結果、1990年度から「大学入試センター試験」制度に継承されて、国・公・私立大学のすべてに自由な利用を認めることとなった。 [真野宮雄] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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