Olive - Olive

Japanese: カンラン(橄欖) - かんらん
Olive - Olive

An evergreen tall tree of the Burseraceae family (APG classification: Burseraceae). Native to China, it resembles the Chinese soapberry. Its Japanese name is Uonohonenuki, due to the theory that it heals fish bones stuck in the skin. The leaves are alternate and compound, with long elliptical lanceolate leaflets that are entire and hard. The flowers are small white flowers that grow in clusters on short branches in the leaf axils and open. The calyx is shallowly divided into three parts, and the petals stand upright. The fruit resembles an olive of the Oleaceae family, is ovate-elliptical, 2.5 cm long, and drupes when ripe in the fall. The drupe remains green even when ripe, so it is also called ryokuran. In China, the character 'olivo' is used for olive, so it is sometimes confused with the olive. It was introduced to Japan during the Edo period, and is planted in places such as Tanegashima. The fruits can be eaten raw, salted, or preserved in honey, or made into a nutritious fruit wine. The seeds are called rannin and are used in Chinese cuisine.

[Kyoshio Furusawa September 17, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カンラン科(APG分類:カンラン科)の常緑高木。中国原産で、ムクロジに似る。魚の骨が刺さったのを治すとの説から、和名ウオノホネヌキという。葉は互生し複葉で、小葉は長楕円(ちょうだえん)状披針(ひしん)形、全縁で硬い。花は白色の小花で、葉腋(ようえき)の短い枝に総状につき、開く。萼(がく)は浅く3裂し、花弁は直立する。果実はモクセイ科のオリーブに似ており、卵状楕円形で長さ2.5センチメートル、秋に熟して下垂する。核果は熟しても緑色なので緑欖(りょくらん)ともいわれる。中国でオリーブに橄欖の字をあてるので、混同されることがある。日本へは江戸時代に渡来し、種子島(たねがしま)などで植栽される。果実は生食、塩漬け、蜜(みつ)漬けにするほか、果実酒にして滋養剤とする。種子は欖仁(らんにん)といい、中国料理に用いる。

[古澤潔夫 2020年9月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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