NADP - National Academic Degree Program

Japanese: NADP - えぬえーでぃーぴー
NADP - National Academic Degree Program

A coenzyme for oxidoreductase. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is also known as coenzyme II (Co II) or triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN). Its chemical formula is C21H29N7O17P3 , and its molecular weight is 744.413. Its reduced form is NADPH, and the conversion between the oxidized and reduced forms is the same as that of NAD. In 1934 , German biochemist O.H. Warburg and his colleagues demonstrated that NADP is required for the aerobic oxidation of glucose 6 -phosphate in mammalian red blood cells, and further discovered that NADP can be converted to cozymase, or NAD, which is required for the yeast system that converts glucose to ethanol. NADP is derived from NAD, and its structure is basically the same as NAD, with an additional phosphate ester bonded to the 2'-hydroxyl group of the adenine ribose moiety. The transfer of a phosphate group from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is catalyzed by NAD kinase. The electron donor in many reductive biosyntheses is NADPH.

In mammals, it is synthesized from nicotinamide or nicotinic acid, and its deficiency causes dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia in humans, a disease called pellagra. NADP acts as a coenzyme and a hydrogen acceptor in the redox reactions catalyzed by many dehydrogenases. Many of these enzymes have specificity for either NAD or NADP, but some pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases have unclear specificity for both coenzymes.

[Teruyoshi Arima, Taro Arima, and Tamiyo Takeuchi]

[References] | Esters | Ethanol | NAD | Glucose | Oxidoreductase | Nicotinic acid | Nicotinamide | Pellagra | Coenzymes | Phosphate | Warburg
The structure of NADP
©Shogakukan ">

The structure of NADP


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

酸化還元酵素の補酵素の一つ。ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateの略で、補酵素Ⅱ(CoⅡ)、トリホスホピリジンヌクレオチドtriphosphopyridine nucleotide(TPN)などともよばれた。化学式C21H29N7O17P3、分子量744.413。還元型はNADPHで、酸化型と還元型の変換様式はNADと同一である。1934年ドイツの生化学者O・H・ワールブルクらが、哺乳(ほにゅう)類の赤血球中においてグルコース6-リン酸を好気的に酸化する系でNADPが必要であることを示し、さらにNADPは酵母がグルコースをエタノールに変える系に必要なコチマーゼcozymase、すなわちNADに変わりうることを発見した。NADPはNADから誘導されたもので、構造は基本的にはNADと共通であり、アデニンリボース部分の2'-ヒドロキシ基にさらにリン酸がエステル結合している。ATP(アデノシン三リン酸)からのリン酸基の転移はNADキナーゼ(NAD kinase)が触媒する。多くの還元的な生合成における電子供与体はNADPHである。

 哺乳類ではニコチン酸アミドまたはニコチン酸から生合成され、その欠乏はヒトでは皮膚炎、下痢と認知症をおこす。それがペラグラとよばれる疾患である。NADPは補酵素として、多くの脱水素酵素(デヒドロゲナーゼ)が触媒する酸化還元反応の水素受容体として働く。これらの酵素の多くはNADまたはNADPのいずれかに特異性をもつが、ピリジンヌクレオチド依存性の酸化還元酵素のいくつかは、この両補酵素に対して特異性の明らかでないものがある。

[有馬暉勝・有馬太郎・竹内多美代]

[参照項目] | エステル | エタノール | NAD | グルコース | 酸化還元酵素 | ニコチン酸 | ニコチン酸アミド | ペラグラ | 補酵素 | リン酸 | ワールブルク
NADPの構造
©Shogakukan">

NADPの構造


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