Sato Kagura

(1) Kagura performed outside the Imperial Court. During the Heian period, when musicians from the Imperial Court performed Kagura at shrines such as Iwashimizu, Kamo, Gion, and Kasuga, it was called Sato Kagura.

(2) Kagura of various shrines, as opposed to Kagura of the Imperial Court. It was the name given to the Kagura of various shrines in the regions such as Ise, Kehi, and Izumo. In the Heian and Kamakura periods, what was called Sato Kagura was Mikomai (shrine maiden dance). The Gakkaroku, compiled in 1690 (Genroku 3), also refers to the shrine maiden dance of various shrines as Sato Kagura, and so Sato Kagura has traditionally included shrine maiden dance of various shrines.

(3) Folk Village Kagura. It is performed nationwide as a folk art form, and is divided into four types according to its style: Miko Kagura, Izumo-ryu Kagura, Ise-ryu Kagura, and Shishi Kagura. The Sato Kagura of Edo in particular means Kagura from the countryside, and is of the Izumo style. Shinjimai Tayu, who were not attached to a specific shrine but made a living by performing ritual dances, responded to requests from parishioners and performed in the Kagura hall as a sacred event at festivals. It is characterized by being a silent drama, with pieces based on myths such as "Ame-no-Iwato" and "Tenson Korin," and pieces that were adapted from Noh and Kyogen.

[Nobuo Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

(1)宮中以外の場所で奏される神楽。平安時代には宮廷の楽人が、石清水(いわしみず)、賀茂(かも)、祇園(ぎおん)、春日(かすが)などの諸社において神楽を奏する場合に里神楽と称した。

(2)宮中の神楽に対する諸社の神楽。伊勢(いせ)、気比(けひ)、出雲(いずも)など地方の諸社の神楽を称した。平安・鎌倉時代に里神楽と称したものは、巫女舞(みこまい)であった。1690年（元禄3）成立の『楽家録(がっかろく)』でも諸社の巫女舞を里神楽と称しており、古来、里神楽には諸社の巫女舞が含まれていた。

(3)民間の里神楽。民俗芸能として全国的に行われているが、その様式によって巫女神楽、出雲流神楽、伊勢流神楽、獅子(しし)神楽の4種に分類される。とくに江戸の里神楽と称するのは鄙(ひな)（田舎(いなか)）の神楽の意で、出雲流の神楽である。一定の神社に付属せず神事舞を職とした神事舞太夫(たゆう)たちが氏子の求めに応じ、祭礼の神賑(かみにぎ)わいに神楽殿で演じた。「天之岩戸」「天孫降臨」など神話に取材した曲や、能狂言などを神楽化した曲があり、黙劇である点が特色である。

［渡辺伸夫］

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