Measurement error - Sokutei gosa (English spelling) error of measurement

Japanese: 測定誤差 - そくていごさ（英語表記）error of measurement

Although the purpose of measurement is to obtain the true value of the measurand, it is inevitable that the measured value will contain some error. Such errors that are introduced into the measured value during measurement are called measurement error, and are defined as the measured value minus the true value. The causes of measurement error can be broadly divided into four categories: (1) imperfections in the theory and principles of measurement (for example, the uncertainty of the equation of state itself when using an equation of state to obtain the temperature of a gas), (2) imperfections in measuring instruments (for example, sensor hysteresis and unevenness in the intervals of the scale of the equipment), (3) fluctuations in measurement conditions (for example, the effects of changes in ambient temperature, humidity, air pressure, and power supply voltage), and (4) differences in the abilities of the people making the measurements (for example, individual differences in reading the scale and how to handle the measuring instrument).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

測定の目的は測定量の真の値を求めることであるが，得られる測定値にはいくらかの誤差が含まれることは避けられない。このように測定に際して測定値に入りこむ誤差を測定誤差と呼び，測定値から真の値を引いた値と定義する。測定誤差の原因は次の4通りに大別される。(1)測定の理論，原理の不完全さ　例えば気体の温度を状態方程式を用いて求めるときの状態方程式自身の不確かさ，(2)測定器の不完全さ　例えばセンサーのヒステリシスや機器の目盛間隔のふぞろいなど，(3)測定条件の変動　例えば周囲温度，湿度，気圧，電源電圧の変化の影響など，(4)測定者の能力の違い　例えば目盛の読取りや測定器の取扱い方の個人差など。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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