Gambetta, Léon

Japanese: ガンベッタ（英語表記）Gambetta， Léon

Born: April 3, 1838. Roth, Kaoru
[Died] December 31, 1882. Hauts-de-Seine, Ville-d'Abray French politician. He started out as a lawyer, fiercely attacking the Second Empire from a republican standpoint, and distinguished himself. He established the Belleville Programme (calling for universal suffrage, the protection of liberties, and the separation of church and state), and became a member of parliament in 1869, and launched an anti-government movement. After the collapse of the Second Empire, he advocated the continuation of the resistance as Minister of the Interior of the National Defense Government, but escaped Paris by balloon when Paris was besieged. After the Third Republic, he supported L. Thiers, who opposed the monarchists, led the republican coalition, and founded the newspaper "Les Républiques Françaises" (November 1871). After the establishment of the Republic, he advocated a realist policy known as opportunism, and after the victory of the republicans following the failure of the reactionary coup in May 1877, he became Speaker of the House of Representatives (1879-1881). In the 1881 election, he became prime minister with the victory of the republican coalition and promoted imperialist policies, but resigned shortly after due to attacks from the radicals (1882.1.).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1838.4.3. ロート，カオル
[没]1882.12.31. オードセーヌ，ビルダブレー
フランスの政治家。初め弁護士として共和主義の立場から第二帝政政府を激しく攻撃，異彩を放った。ベルビル綱領 (普通選挙制の実施，自由の保障，教会と国家の分離を訴える) を定めて 1869年議員となり，反政府運動を展開。第二帝政崩壊後，国防政府の内務相として抗戦継続を主張したが，パリが包囲されるに及び気球でパリを脱出。第三共和政後は君主政主義者に反対する L.ティエールを支持し，共和主義者連合を指導，新聞『フランス共和国』を創刊 (1871.11.) 。共和政確立後は機会主義と呼ばれる現実主義政策を主張，77年5月の反動クーデターの失敗に続く共和派の勝利により下院議長に就任 (79～81) 。 81年の選挙では共和主義者連合の勝利によって首相となり，帝国主義政策を推進したが，急進派の攻撃によって短時日で辞職 (82.1.) 。

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