The first geological period of the Paleozoic Era. It corresponds to a period of about 55.6 million years between the Precambrian and Ordovician periods, from about 541 million years ago to about 485.4 million years ago. The strata formed during the Cambrian period are called the Cambrian System. The name Cambrian was given by Sedgwick in 1836 after the ancient name of the type region, Cambria, in Wales, England. In the biological world, the major phyla of modern invertebrates, along with a variety of invertebrates whose taxonomic affiliation is unclear, underwent a great radiation, and appeared by the end of this period. A wide variety of fossils have been found in the Burgess Shale, exposed in the highlands of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, indicating that an explosive radiation of invertebrates occurred during the Cambrian period. In vertebrates, conodonts and primitive fishes such as amphioxus appeared. Additionally, the graptolites, a type of protochordata, were known at the end of this period. In the invertebrate phylum, animals with hard tissues such as calcareous shells appeared all at once, and the amount of fossils produced was significantly greater than in the Precambrian period. Among these, the arthropod trilobites and the archaeocoelota (archaeocoelota), which have properties intermediate between sponges and coelenterates, are particularly notable. The archaeocoelota flourished in the earliest part of this period, prior to the trilobites. Trilobites account for the majority of all genera and species of fossil animals known from this period, and are the most important for biogeographical research and for comparing strata. The Cambrian strata are widely distributed around the shield regions of the world, and in East Asia, marine deposits made of limestone and clastic rocks are known in the Yangtze River Basin, the Yellow River Basin, and the Korean Peninsula. [Tomoo Ozawa and Fumio Kobayashi August 19, 2015] "Cambrian Monsters: Why did evolution explode?" by Morris Simon Conway, translated and supervised by Takanori Matsui (1997, Kodansha)" "Atlas of the Evolution of Life and the Earth I: From the Origin of the Earth to the Silurian Period" by Richard T. J. Moody and Andrei Yu. Zhuravlev, supervised by Ikuo Obata (2003, Asakura Shoten) [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Algae| | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古生代の最初の地質時代。先カンブリア時代とオルドビス紀の間、約5億4100万年前から約4億8540万年前までの約5560万年の期間に相当する。カンブリア紀に形成された地層をカンブリア系という。カンブリア紀の名称は、模式地のイギリス、ウェールズ地方の古称カンブリアにちなんで、1836年にセジュウィックが命名した。生物界では、現生の無脊椎動物(むせきついどうぶつ)の主要な門が、分類学的所属の明確にできない多様な無脊椎動物とともに大放散をとげ、この紀の終わりまでに出そろう。カナディアン・ロッキー山脈の高地に露出するバージェス頁岩(けつがん)層からは、カンブリア紀に無脊椎動物に爆発的放散が起こったことを示す多種多様な化石が発見されている。脊椎動物では、コノドント類やナメクジウオの仲間の原始的魚類が出現した。また原索動物の筆石類(ふでいしるい)は当紀の終わりに知られている。無脊椎動物門では、石灰質の外殻などの硬組織をもつものが一斉に出現し、先カンブリア時代に比べ化石の産出量が著しく多くなる。なかでも節足動物の三葉虫類と、海綿動物と腔腸(こうちょう)動物の中間的性質をもつ古杯類(古盃動物)が特徴的である。古杯類は、三葉虫類に先だち当紀のもっとも初期に栄えていた。三葉虫類は、当紀に知られている化石動物の全属種の過半数を占め、生物地理学的研究や地層の対比上もっとも重要なものである。 植物界では藻類が主である。カンブリア紀の地層は、世界中の楯状地(たてじょうち)の周辺に広く分布し、東アジアでは、揚子江(ようすこう)盆地、黄河盆地、朝鮮半島に石灰岩や砕屑(さいせつ)岩類からなる海成層が知られている。 [小澤智生・小林文夫 2015年8月19日] 『モリス・サイモン・コンウェイ著、松井孝典訳・監修『カンブリア紀の怪物たち――進化はなぜ大爆発したか』(1997・講談社)』▽『リチャード・T・J・ムーディ、アンドレイ・ユウ・ジュラヴリョフ著、小畠郁生監訳『生命と地球の進化アトラスⅠ 地球の起源からシルル紀』(2003・朝倉書店)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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