Thinning - Drought

Japanese: 間伐 - かんばつ
Thinning - Drought

It is the opposite of the final cutting in clear-cutting uniform forestry operations, and refers to tending and intermediate harvesting leading up to the final cutting. A uniform forest is a forest of the same age, and final cutting is cutting all at once in the end. However, thinning is also carried out in the process of guiding the forest to non-clear-cutting selective forestry operations without final cutting. Operations refer to the handling of forests, including cutting.

Thinning is (1) the work of preventing forests from becoming overcrowded and unhealthy, (2) the work of growing good trees and increasing the value of the forest, and (3) the work of enabling timely harvesting and regular income.

(1) Being too crowded and unhealthy means that the canopy volume of each individual tree becomes smaller and they become a group of long, thin trees that are susceptible to damage from strong winds and snow, and the canopy becomes tightly closed, causing a lack of light in the forest and a lack of undergrowth on the forest floor, which is undesirable from the perspective of soil conservation. A forest canopy is a series of tree crowns. (2) Growing good trees means, based on the principle of increasing the proportion of trees with as straight a trunk as possible and without blemishes, cultivating trees with little difference in thickness between the top and bottom of the log when it is cut, and with a high degree of knot-freeness.

Thinning is a process to give each tree the amount of canopy necessary for its growth stage in order to cultivate trees with desirable characteristics. It is also a process to allocate the limited amount of leaves per unit area to trees with as much future potential as possible. Under such a premise, it is important to select trees to cut at each thinning so that the income from thinning timber can be increased as much as possible under the conditions.

[Takao Fujimori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

皆伐一斉林施業における主伐に対する対語で、主伐に至るまでの保育や途中収穫の伐採である。一斉林とは同齢の林のことであり、主伐とは最終的にまとめて伐(き)る伐採である。しかし主伐をしないで非皆伐の択伐林施業に誘導していく過程でも間伐は行われる。施業とは伐採などを伴う森林の取扱いのことである。

 間伐とは、(1)森林が混みすぎて不健全になるのを防ぐ作業、(2)良い木を育て森林の価値を高める作業、(3)適時に収穫をし、定期的な収入を可能とする作業、である。

 (1)の混みすぎて不健全というのは、個体の樹冠量が小さくなり、細長い木の集団となって強風や冠雪などの被害を受けやすくなることと、林冠が強く閉鎖して林内の光が不足し、林床の下草が乏しくなり、土壌保全の点から好ましくないことである。林冠とは樹冠の連なったものである。(2)の良い木を育てるということは、できるだけ幹の通直性が高く、傷のない木の比率を高めていくことを基本とし、丸太をとるときの、丸太の下と上の太さの差が小さく、無節性が高い木を育てていくということである。

 間伐は、好ましい形質の木を育てるために、生育段階に応じて必要な樹冠量を個々の木に与えていくための作業である。そして単位面積当りの限られた葉量を、できるだけ将来性のある木に配分していこうとする作業である。そのような前提のなかで、条件の許す限りそれぞれの間伐時点で間伐材による間伐収入が高まるように伐る木の選木をしていくことが大事な作業である。

[藤森隆郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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