Blanc, (Jean-Joseph-Charles-) Louis

Japanese: ブラン（英語表記）Blanc， (Jean-Joseph-Charles-) Louis

Born: October 29, 1811, Madrid
[Died] December 6, 1882. Cannes. A French petty bourgeois socialist. He studied law in Paris while living in poverty, and later became a socialist journalist. In 1839, he founded the journal "Revue de progrès" and published "L'organisation du travail" (The Organization of Labor), aiming to establish a socialist government through universal suffrage. During the February Revolution, he became a member of the Provisional Government, presided over the Luxembourg Committee, and established national workshops to combat unemployment, but he was unable to break away from his petty bourgeois classist views, and as the proletariat became aware of its own uniqueness and power, he took an opposing stance to the working class and criticized the June Affair that followed the February Revolution. After the incident, he went into exile in England. Histoire de dix ans, 1830-40 (1841-44) and Histoire de la révolution française (History of the French Revolution) (2 volumes, 47-62).

Bran
Blin, Roger

Born: March 22, 1907, Neuilly-sur-Seine
[Died] January 21, 1984. Paris. French actor and director. Influenced by A. Artaud, he experimented with experimental theater with J.-L. Barrault, and was recognized for his direction of "Ghost Sonata" in 1949. After directing A. Adamov's early works, he premiered "Waiting for Godot" in 1953. Since then, he has shown excellent interpretation and skillful staging in his direction of S. Beckett's works such as "The End of the Game" (1957) and "Happy Days" (63), as well as J. Genet's "The Niggers" (59) and "The Screen" (66), and is recognized as a leading figure in French avant-garde theater direction.

Bran
Buran(Russia)

The former Soviet space shuttle. Buran means "blizzard". It is 36.6m long and weighs about 70t. Its shape is similar to the American space shuttle, but it is not equipped with an engine and is launched on Energia (the Soviet Union's largest rocket). Its first flight was on November 15, 1988, and it was unmanned, making two orbits around the Earth in low orbit, after which it automatically landed. It is capable of both manned and unmanned flight, but no decision has been made yet regarding manned flight.

Bran
buran

A local northeasterly wind that blows in Siberia and Central Asia in winter. It is also called bulga. It is a type of blizzard, a cold, strong wind accompanied by a snowstorm. It is a ground blizzard of powdery snow at low temperatures, and can occur even on sunny days if the wind is strong. In extreme cases, visibility near the ground is zero even when the sun is shining. It occurs particularly frequently when a low pressure system moves from west to east across the continent, and extremely cold air blows in from behind the low pressure system. (→ Karabulan)

Bran
Belain, Pierre, Sieur d'Esnambuc

Born: 1585. Normandy
[Died] 1637
French colonial founder in the Caribbean. He established colonial bases on Saint-Christophe and other islands and became their governor in 1625. In 1635 he built the fortress of Saint-Pierre on Martinique for the French Company of the American Isles and officially declared it a French territory.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1811.10.29. マドリード
[没]1882.12.6. カンヌ
フランスの小市民的社会主義者。パリで貧しい生活のなかで法律を学び，のち社会主義のジャーナリストとして活躍。 1839年機関紙『進歩』 Revue de progrèsを創刊，『労働の組織』L'organisation du travailを発表し普通選挙による社会主義政権樹立を目指した。二月革命では臨時政府のメンバーとなり，リュクサンブール委員会を主宰し，失業対策のための国立作業場を設置したりしたが，小市民階級主義の見地から脱却できず，プロレタリアートがその独自性と力を自覚するようになると労働者階級に反対の立場をとり，二月革命後の六月事件を非難した。事件後イギリスに亡命。著書『十年史，1830～40』 Histoire de dix ans，1830－40 (1841～44) ，『フランス革命史』 Histoire de la révolution française (2巻，47～62) 。

ブラン
Blin， Roger

[生]1907.3.22. ヌイイシュルセーヌ
[没]1984.1.21. パリ
フランスの俳優，演出家。 A.アルトーの影響を受け，J.-L.バローとともに実験劇を試み，1949年『幽霊ソナタ』の演出で認められた。 A.アダモフの初期作品の演出を経て，53年『ゴドーを待ちながら』を初演。以後，『勝負の終り』 (1957) ，『しあわせな日々』 (63) などの S.ベケット作品や，J.ジュネの『黒んぼたち』 (59) ，『屏風』 (66) などの演出ですぐれた解釈と巧みな舞台処理を示し，フランス前衛演劇演出の第一人者と認められている。

ブラン
Buran(露)

旧ソ連のスペースシャトル。ブランは「猛吹雪」を意味する。全長 36.6m，重量約 70t。形態はアメリカのスペースシャトルに似ているが，エンジンを装備せず，エネルギア (ソ連最大のロケット) に取り付けられて打ち上げられる。初飛行は，1988年 11月 15日で，無人で地球周回低軌道を2周した後，自動着陸した。有人・無人飛行のどちらも可能であるが，有人飛行については今のところ未定である。

ブラン
buran

冬季にシベリアや中央アジアに吹く北東の局地風。ブルガともいう。ブリザードの一種で吹雪を伴った冷たい強風。低温下の粉雪の地吹雪であり，晴天の日でも風が強い場合は起こり，極端な場合は太陽が輝いていても地表付近では視界ゼロになる。低気圧が大陸を西から東へ移動する際，低気圧の後面から猛烈な寒気が吹き込むようなときに特に多く発生する。（→カラブラン）