The distance between two rails on a railway track. Also called gauge. In Japan, it is the shortest distance between the heads of the left and right rails within 16 mm of the top surface of the rail. The gauge of the British railway, the world's first to put railways into practical use, was 1,435 mm, so this was called the standard gauge, and anything wider than this is called broad gauge, and anything narrower is called narrow gauge. In Japan, the narrow gauge of 1,067 mm is widely used, including JR. The standard gauge of the Shinkansen is sometimes called broad gauge, but this is not the correct usage, as it means that it is wider than the narrow gauge of conventional lines. Railways around the world use a variety of gauges depending on the circumstances of each country, but standard gauge accounts for approximately 70-75% of the world's railways. Japan has its own unique gauge of 1,372 mm, which was inherited from the horse-drawn railway, the predecessor of the Tokyo Electric Railway, and was also used by private railways around Tokyo. However, most of the gauge has been converted due to mutual use, and currently only the Tokyo Electric Railway, some parts of the Toei Subway, and Keio Electric Railway use the gauge. Some private railways also have a gauge of 762 mm, commonly known as "torokko gauge." Broad-gauge railways require high construction costs and rolling stock costs, but the rolling stock is stable and can be made large, so the on-board equipment can be adequate, making them suitable for high-speed operation and mass transportation. On the other hand, narrow-gauge railways are inferior to broad-gauge railways because they are all small-scale, but while many narrow-gauge railways in Japan are operated with rolling stock of a size comparable to that of European standard gauge or broad-gauge railways, they operate with a level of efficiency that is incomparable to that of ordinary narrow-gauge railways. [Shoji Matsuzawa] "Railway Engineering" by Motoyoshi Shibata (1971, Corona Publishing) " "Railway Engineering Handbook" by Hiroshi Kubota (1995, Grand Prix Publishing) [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Definition of gauge Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鉄道線路の2本のレールの間隔で、ゲージともよばれる。日本ではレールの上面から16ミリメートル以内での、左右レール頭部間の最短距離をいう。 世界最初に鉄道を実用化したイギリスの鉄道の軌間が1435ミリメートルであったため、これを標準軌間といい、これより広いものを広軌、狭いものを狭軌とよんでいる。日本ではJRをはじめ1067ミリメートルの狭軌が多く採用されている。新幹線の標準軌間を広軌とよぶことがあるが、これは在来線の狭軌よりも広いという意味で、正しい用法ではない。 世界各国の鉄道では、それぞれの国情に応じて各種の軌間が採用されているが、標準軌間は世界の鉄道のおよそ70~75%を占めている。 なお、日本独自の軌間に1372ミリメートルがあるが、これは、東京都電の前身である馬車鉄道の軌間を引き継ぎ、東京付近の私鉄でも使用していた。しかし相互乗り入れの関係で大部分は改軌され、現在は東京都電、都営地下鉄の一部、京王電鉄などが採用しているにすぎない。また、私鉄の一部には762ミリメートルの俗称「とろっこゲージ」とよばれているものもある。 広軌鉄道は建設費、車両費が多くかかるが、車両の安定がよく、車両も大型に製作できるため、車内設備も十分にでき、高速運転、大量輸送に適している。一方、狭軌鉄道は、すべてが小規模なので広軌鉄道に劣るが、日本では多くが狭軌鉄道でありながら、ヨーロッパの標準軌間や広軌鉄道に匹敵する大きさの車両で運転され、普通の狭軌鉄道とは比較にならぬほどの高能率な働きをしている。 [松澤正二] 『柴田元良著『鉄道工学』(1971・コロナ社)』▽『久保田博著『鉄道工学ハンドブック』(1995・グランプリ出版)』 [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 軌間の定義 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Steam boiler - Steam boiler
The Gospels were decorated in the Hiberno-Saxon st...
…A community founded in Oneida, central New York,...
A highway that runs from Yuzawa City in the southe...
A general term for the various systems of modern E...
Year of death: Tenpyo Houji 1.7 (757) Year of birt...
A term in music history. A school of medieval poly...
…The process of twisting short fibers such as cot...
...Thus, phlogiston came to be considered importa...
An insect of the family Elateridae in the order Co...
...Wood powder comes out of the infested wood. Fo...
One of the two great classical Indian medical text...
…Aigospotamoi (Aegospotami) means "river of ...
A frog of the Pipa family. Body length is 5-12 cm....
Year of death: March 25, 1512 (April 11, 1512) Yea...
...Western words such as temperament, which means...