When comparing the population densities of species in a food chain (predator-prey) relationship within a single biological community, there are generally fewer predators than prey. If such relationships are illustrated and stacked in order from low trophic levels (predators) to high trophic levels (prey), they form a pyramid. This is called the "pyramid of abundance" or "Elton's pyramid" because it was proposed by British ecologist C.S. Elton in 1927 with a focus on population numbers. A pyramid of abundance can be inverted in cases such as the relationship between a tree and the many insects that feed on its leaves and wood (food chain), or the relationship between a parasite and its host (parasitism chain). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
一つの生物群集の中で,食物連鎖(食う・食われる)の関係にある生物種の個体密度を比較すると,一般に食う動物は食われる動物より少ない。こうした関係を図にして栄養段階の低いもの(食われる方)から高いもの(食う方)へと順次積み上げるとピラミッド型となる。これは,イギリスの生態学者C.S.エルトンが1927年に個体数に着目して提案したので,〈個体数のピラミッド〉または〈エルトンのピラミッド〉と呼ばれている。個体数のピラミッドでは,樹木とその葉や材を食う多数の昆虫の関係(生食連鎖)や,寄生虫と宿主の関係(寄生連鎖)などの場合では倒立する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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