Gandhara Buddha - Gandharabutsu (English spelling) Gandhāra

Japanese: ガンダーラ仏 - ガンダーラぶつ（英語表記）Gandhāra

These are Buddhist statues made in the Gandhara region between the 1st and 7th centuries. It is widely believed that the first Buddhist statues were made in the Gandhara region around the end of the 1st century, but there is also a theory that the first Buddhist statues were made in the Mathura region (→Mathura Buddha). The Buddhist statues are characterized by their Greek and Roman style, and generally have wavy hair tied up in a bun, and their European features include a straight nose and sunken eyes. The bodies are very massy, but they are often covered in thick, heavy robes, and do not have the sensuality of Indian sculpture. In the later period (4th to 7th centuries), Buddhist sculptures were often made of stucco, and they have a unique beauty that breaks away from the style of stone carving. Most of the statues are of Shaka Buddha, but there are also Buddhas of the past, and bodhisattva statues include Siddharta Bodhisattva, Maitreya Bodhisattva, and Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva. Other statues include Emperor Hari and Hanzhika. The style of Gandhara Buddhas was transmitted to the East via the Western Regions, and has influenced Chinese Buddhist statues as well.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ガンダーラ地方で1～7世紀頃制作された仏像。仏像は1世紀末頃ガンダーラ地方で初めて造られたという説が有力であるが，マトゥラ地方 (→マトゥラ仏 ) が仏像成立の最初だとする説もある。特徴はギリシア・ローマ的な表現によって仏像を造っている点で，一般に波状の頭髪を束ねて髪を結い，風貌も鼻筋が通って眼窩のくぼんだヨーロッパ的顔立ちを示す。体躯は量塊感に富むが，しばしば厚く重苦しい僧衣におおわれ，インド彫刻のような官能性はみられない。仏像彫刻は後期 (4～7世紀) になると，スタッコ造のものが多くなり，石彫の作風を脱却した独特の美しさをもつ。釈迦仏が多いが過去仏もあり，菩薩像としては悉達多菩薩，弥勒菩薩のほか観音菩薩もある。その他，訶利帝，半支迦などがみられる。ガンダーラ仏の形式は西域を経て東方へも伝えられ，中国の仏像にもその影響を残している。

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