Gandhara

Japanese: ガンダーラ
Gandhara
An ancient name for a region in northwestern Pakistan, roughly equivalent to Peshawar. It is on the road from Afghanistan across the Hindu Kush Mountains to the Indian plains. Even after the Persian invasion, it was occupied and ruled by foreign tribes, making it a culturally unique region in India, but it is especially famous for the Buddhist art known as Gandharan art, which developed in the 1st to 5th centuries. It was completed by blending Indian traditions with Hellenistic art styles and techniques, and Greek elements are strongly evident in the body shapes and decorative patterns. It is broadly divided into the first period of stone art, which used the region's unique blue-black rock, and the second period of plastic art, which used stucco and clay. These had a great influence on Buddhist art in China and even Japan through the Western Regions. →Buddha statues→Related topicsYungang Caves|Okeo|Kizil Caves|Kushan Empire|Takht-i-Bahi|Khyber Pass|Bamiyan|Beglam|Peshawar|South Asia|Miran|Loulan

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
今のパキスタン北西部,ペシャーワルにほぼ相当する地方の古称。アフガニスタンからヒンドゥークシ山脈を越えてインド平原に通ずる道にある。ペルシアの侵入以後も異民族の占領,支配を受け,インドの中でも文化的に特異な地域だが,特に1―5世紀に展開されたガンダーラ美術の名で呼ばれる仏教美術で有名。インドの伝統とヘレニズムの美術の様式・手法が混交して完成したもので,体躯の型,装飾文様などにギリシア伝来の要素が強く現れている。特産の青黒い岩を用いた第1期の石像美術と,ストゥッコと粘土による第2期の塑像美術に大別される。これらは西域を通じて中国ひいては日本の仏教美術にも大きな影響を与えた。→仏像
→関連項目雲岡石窟|オケオ|キジル石窟|クシャーナ朝|タフティバーヒー|ハイバル[峠]|バーミヤーン|ベグラーム|ペシャーワル|南アジア|ミーラーン|楼蘭

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