Hu Shi - Koteki

Japanese: 胡適 - こてき

A modern Chinese intellectual. He studied in the United States for seven years, including the Xinhai Revolution, studying agriculture at Cornell University and literature and philosophy under J. Dewey at Columbia University. After returning to China in 1917, he developed a cultural strategy that a standard language based on colloquial writing would create a nation-state, and together with Chen Duxiu and Lu Xun, he became a standard-bearer of the literary revolution and worked hard to reform literature, academia, and education. In the 1930s, he worked hard to build the Republic of China as a brain of the Kuomintang government, and defected to the United States just before the establishment of the People's Republic (1949). The Communist government launched a campaign of criticism of Hu Shi in 1954, and positioned him as a "reactionary" until the end of the Cultural Revolution. With the liberalization policy of the late 1970s, he was first re-evaluated in academic circles, and in the late 1980s a number of critical biographies and chronologies were published. However, with the reactionary nature of his work following the Bloody Sunday incident of 1989 (Tiananmen Square), he has also been criticized as the originator of a traitorous, total Westernization theory.
→Related items New Youth (China) | White Story | Wen Yiduo | Literary Revolution | Peking University

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

近代中国の知識人。辛亥革命をはさんで７年間アメリカに留学し，コーネル大学で農学を，コロンビア大学ではJ.デューイに師事して文学・哲学を修めた。1917年帰国後は口語文を基礎とする標準語が国民国家を創出するという文化戦略を展開，陳独秀・魯迅らと共に文学革命の旗手となり，文芸，学術，そして教育の刷新に奔走した。1930年代には，国民党政府のブレーンとして中華民国建設に尽力，人民共和国成立（1949年）直前にアメリカに亡命した。共産党政権は1954年に胡適批判キャンペーンを張り，文化大革命終了まで〈反動派〉として位置づけてきた。1970年代末の開放政策でまず学術方面で再評価され，1980年代後半には相次いで評伝や年譜が刊行されるなどしたが，1989年〈血の日曜日〉事件（天安門事件）以後の反動化で，売国的全面欧化論の元祖という批判もなされている。
→関連項目新青年（中国）｜白話｜聞一多｜文学革命｜北京大学

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