It is the capital of Kandahar Province in southeastern Afghanistan. With a population of about 329,300 (2001 estimate), it is the second largest city in the country after the capital, Kabul. The population is half Afghan and half Tajik, and it is the only city in Afghanistan where Pashto is the common language. The roads within the city are straight and wide. There are highways connecting Kabul, Herat, and Quetta in Pakistan, and there is also an international airport. Commercial activity is thriving, with woolen textile and fruit canning factories. The city's origins date back to Alexander the Great's founding of a town called Arakhozia here, and in the mid-18th century it was the capital of the Durrani dynasty. The city is home to the Herkai Sharif Ziarate mosque, which enshrines a shirt said to have been worn by Muhammad, the rock-cut watchtower Chihil Jina, and the tombs of Mir Wais, a Ghilzai Afghan who rebelled against the Safavid dynasty in 1709, and Ahmad Shah, the founder of Afghanistan who ascended to the throne here in 1747. Maiwand, the ancient battlefield where Afghan forces defeated British forces in 1880, is located several dozen kilometers northwest. [Takeshi Katsutō] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフガニスタン南東部、カンダハール州の州都。人口約32万9300(2001推計)で、首都カブールに次ぐ同国第二の都市である。住民はアフガン人とタジク人が半々で、アフガニスタンでパシュトー語が共通語になっている唯一の都市である。市内の道路は直線的で広い。高速道路がカブール、ヘラート、パキスタンのクエッタに通じ、国際空港もある。商業が盛んで、毛織物、果物缶詰の工場がある。町の起源はアレクサンドロス大王がこの地にアラコジアという町を建設したことに始まり、18世紀中期にはドゥッラーニー朝の首都であった。ムハンマド(マホメット)が着ていたといわれるシャツを祀(まつ)ったモスクであるヘルカイ・シャリフ・ジアーラト、岩窟(がんくつ)の望楼チヒル・ジーナ、1709年にサファビー朝に反乱を起こしたギルザイ系アフガン人ミール・ワイスと、1747年にここで即位したアフガニスタン建国者アフマド・シャーの墓廟(ぼびょう)などがある。1880年にアフガン軍がイギリス軍を撃破した古戦場マイワンドは、北西数十キロメートルにある。 [勝藤 猛] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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