Inertial Guidance

Japanese: 慣性誘導 - かんせいゆうどう

A missile guidance method that determines its own course using only built-in devices, without receiving commands from an external source. Acceleration is measured precisely on three axes (forward/backward, left/right, and up/down) continuously during flight, and is integrated by a computer to determine speed, which is then integrated again to calculate the flight path. This is compared to the planned path, and if there is an error, the control mechanism performs propulsion control to correct it. The accelerometer is attached to a stable base using an elaborate gyroscope, so that it can measure acceleration in a specific direction regardless of how the flying object changes its attitude or position. It has the advantages of being suitable for long-range ballistic missiles, as its accuracy is related only to the elapsed time, there is no loss of accuracy over long distances like with radio guidance, and it is not subject to interference from enemies. The error is said to be about 3 km with a range of 10,000 km. This principle is also used to guide spacecraft. The inertial navigation of aircraft and nuclear submarines is based on a similar principle.
→ Related topics Cruise missile | Titan | Intercontinental ballistic missile | Poseidon | Polaris | Minuteman

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

外部から指令を受けず，内蔵する装置だけで自己の進路を定めていくミサイル誘導方式。飛行中絶えず前後，左右，上下の３軸について加速度を精密に測定し，これをコンピューターで積分して速度を求め，さらに積分して飛行経路を算出する。これを予定経路と比較し，誤差があれば制御機構により修正の推進制御を行う。加速度計は，精巧なジャイロスコープを用いた安定台に取り付けられ，飛行体がどのように姿勢，位置を変えても，定方向の加速度を測れるようになっている。精度は経過時間にのみ関係し，電波誘導のように遠距離での精度低下がなく，敵からの妨害も受けないなどの利点があり，長距離の弾道ミサイルに向く。誤差は射程１万kmで3km程度という。この原理は宇宙船の誘導にも用いられている。なお航空機や原子力潜水艦の慣性航法も同様の原理による。
→関連項目巡航ミサイル｜タイタン｜大陸間弾道ミサイル｜ポセイドン｜ポラリス｜ミニットマン

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