A spiritual being that protects an individual, region, or occupation. Often worshipped as a guardian deity. Ancient Oriental cities had guardian deities, such as Marduk in Babylon and Ishtar in Nineveh, and in Greece and Rome, as civilization developed, gods of occupations appeared, with specific functions given to gods. Famous examples include Ares (Mars) of war, Hermes (Mercury) of business, and Athena (Minerva) of arts and crafts. Christian (patron saints) are considered a kind of guardian deity for individuals. In Japan, Kannon, Yakushi, Fudo, and Myoken are guardian deities for individuals, and ujigami are guardian deities for local areas, with Takemikazuchi, Futsunushi, and Hachiman being the guardian deities for martial arts, and Sugawara no Michizane being the guardian deity for the arts and sciences. Guardian spirits play a particularly important role in shamanism. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
個人や地域や職業を守る霊的存在。守護神として崇拝されることが多い。バビロンのマルドゥク,ニネベのイシュタルのように古代オリエント諸都市は守護神をもち,ギリシア・ローマでは文明の発展に伴って神々に特定の機能を付与した職業神も出現した。戦争のアレス(マルス),商売のヘルメス(メルクリウス),技芸のアテナ(ミネルウァ)等が著名。キリスト教の(守護聖人)は個人の守護神の一種と考えられる。日本では,個人の守り神として観音・薬師・不動・妙見等が,地域の守り神として氏神があり,武甕槌(たけみかづち)神・経津主(ふつぬし)神・八幡神は武術の,菅原道真は学芸の守り神であった。守護霊はシャマニズムで特に大きな役割を果たす。
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