Psychrometer - Hygrometer

Japanese: 乾湿計 - かんしつけい
Psychrometer - Hygrometer

A combination of a normal mercury thermometer and a thermometer whose bulb is covered in a thin cloth such as gauze and moistened with water. The former is called a dry bulb and the latter is called a wet bulb. The dry bulb is used to measure air temperature. The drier the air, the more evaporation from the wet bulb occurs, and the greater the temperature difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb, so the psychrometer is used to observe humidity. From the measured value, the vapor pressure is first calculated using Sprung's formula, and the relative humidity is calculated from the ratio to the saturated vapor pressure. In practice, convenient charts and other materials are used. Although the accuracy is not bad considering how easy it is to use, when the wet bulb is supercooled, the reading does not stabilize easily and errors are likely to occur. To eliminate errors when the wind is weak, a ventilated psychrometer is widely used, which uses a small fan to blow air at the bulb at a speed of several meters per second. A ventilated psychrometer with a metal tube attached to the bulb to block solar radiation is called an Assmann ventilated psychrometer, and is used for outdoor observations.

[Takeji Shinohara]

[Reference] | Hygrometer | Sprung
Assmann ventilation psychrometric meter
A portable psychrometer with a metal tube attached to the bulb to block sunlight ©Shogakukan ">

Assmann ventilation psychrometric meter


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

普通の水銀温度計と、球部をガーゼなど薄い布で包み、これを水で湿らせた温度計を組みにしたもの。前者を乾球、後者を湿球という。乾球は気温の測定に用いる。空気が乾燥しているほど湿球からの蒸発が盛んになり、乾球と湿球の温度差が大きくなるので、乾湿計は湿度の観測に使用される。測定値からは、まずスプルングの公式で蒸気圧を算出し、飽和蒸気圧に対する比から相対湿度を求める。実際には、便利な図表などを利用する。取扱いが簡便なわりに精度は悪くないが、湿球が過冷却しているときは、なかなか示度が安定しないため誤差が出やすい。風が弱いときの誤差をなくするため、小形のファンで球部に毎秒数メートル程度の風を当てる通風乾湿計が広く使用される。球部に、日射を遮る金属の筒をつけたものはアスマン通風乾湿計とよばれ、野外での観測に用いられる。

[篠原武次]

[参照項目] | 湿度計 | スプルング
アスマン通風乾湿計
球部に日射を遮る金属の筒をつけた携帯用乾湿計©Shogakukan">

アスマン通風乾湿計


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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