Profintern - Profintern (English spelling)

Japanese: プロフィンテルン - ぷろふぃんてるん(英語表記)Profintern
Profintern - Profintern (English spelling)

Abbreviation for Krasnïy International Profsoyuzov (Red Trade Union International). Founded in July 1921 in Moscow against the backdrop of the October Revolution in Russia (1917) and the subsequent revolutionary upsurge in the labor movement around the world, it was headquartered in Moscow. Its direct parent was the International Council of Trade Unions, which was formed in Moscow in 1920. Members included revolutionary labor unions such as those in the Soviet Union and Bulgaria, militant unions that had been expelled from unions affiliated with the Amsterdam International, such as the French Unified General Confederation of Labor, as well as revolutionary opposition factions within unions affiliated with the Amsterdam International. In Japan, the "Left" within the Japanese General Confederation of Labor (Sōdōmei) and the Japanese Trade Union Council (Kirinkai) were affiliated with it, and the National Council of Japanese Trade Unions (Zenkyo) was an official member.

Profintern was not necessarily founded initially as a separate international labor union organization to rival the Amsterdam International, but instead focused on propaganda and educational activities aimed at unifying the labor union movement around the world while militantly revolutionizing it. There were strong opinions within the Soviet labor unions that it should become part of the Comintern organization and that the executive committee members of the two organizations should be exchanged, but this view of confusing political parties and labor unions was overcome, and it became clear that the working class could maximize its capabilities only by organizing the two as independent entities and based on the principle of their cooperation and collaboration.

It also defined industrial organization as the main organizational form of labor unions at the stage of monopoly capitalism, and took the lead in the industrial organizing movement.In contrast to the Amsterdam International, which tended to limit its activities to Western capitalist countries, it focused its efforts on organizing movements in colonial and semi-colonial countries, making a significant contribution to the development of the labor union movement in China, India, Egypt, Tunisia, Latin America, and other countries.

After 1928, Profintern temporarily fell into sectarian and ultra-leftist tendencies, defining reformist unions as "schools of capitalism" and adopting a policy of forcing left-wing opponents to withdraw from the union. However, from 1935 onwards, it overcame this mistake and made every effort to achieve unity of action and organization among trade unions for the sake of anti-war and anti-fascism. As can be seen in the example of France, which succeeded in unifying the trade union front, it gradually separated its affiliated organizations and was dissolved in December 1937.

[Kenjiro Nakabayashi]

"A Brief History of Profintern" by G.M. Adibekov, translated by Umeda Miyoko (Otsuki Shoten, National Library)

[References] | Labor Movement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

赤色労働組合インターナショナルКрасный интернационал профсоюзов/Krasnïy internatsional profsoyuzovの略称。ロシアの十月革命(1917)とそれに続く全世界の労働運動の革命的高揚を背景にして1921年7月モスクワで創立、本部もモスクワに置かれた。その直接の母体となったのは20年にモスクワで結成された国際職業別・産業別労働組合評議会であった。加盟したのはソ連やブルガリアのそれのような革命的労働組合、フランス統一労働総同盟のようにアムステルダム・インターナショナル傘下組合から除名された戦闘的組合、ならびにアムステルダム・インターナショナル傘下組合内の革命的反対派であった。日本では日本労働総同盟(総同盟)内の「レフト」、日本労働組合評議会(評議会)がこれと連携をもち、日本労働組合全国協議会(全協)が正式加盟していた。

 プロフィンテルンは、初めはかならずしもアムステルダム・インターナショナルに対抗する別個の国際労働組合組織として創立されたのではなく、全世界の労働組合運動を戦闘化、革命化しつつ統一することを目ざす宣伝・教育活動にその主眼を置いていた。ソ連労組内にはこれをコミンテルンの組織の一部にするとか、両組織の執行委員を相互交換するという意見が強かったが、こうした政党と労働組合を混同する見解は克服され、両者を自主的なものとして組織し、両者が協力・共同するという原則にたってこそ、労働者階級は最大限にその力量を発揮できることを明らかにした。

 それはまた、産業別組織を独占資本主義段階における労働組合の主要組織形態と規定し、産業別組織化運動の先頭にたつとともに、アムステルダム・インターナショナルがその活動を西欧の資本主義国に限る傾向があったのとは対照的に、植民地・半植民地諸国における組織化運動に力を注ぎ、中国、インド、エジプト、チュニジア、ラテンアメリカ諸国などの労働組合運動の発展に大きく貢献した。

 1928年以後プロフィンテルンは一時セクト主義的・極左主義的傾向に陥り、改良主義的組合を「資本主義の学校」と規定して、左翼反対派をこれから脱退させる方針をとったが、35年以降、こうした過ちを克服し、反戦・反ファシズムのため労働組合の行動統一と組織統一を実現するために全力をあげ、労働組合戦線統一に成功したフランスの例にみるように、順次傘下組織を切り離し、37年12月に解散した。

[中林賢二郎]

『G・M・アディベコフ著、梅田美代子訳『プロフィンテルン小史』(大月書店・国民文庫)』

[参照項目] | 労働運動

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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