A contract in which one of the parties (anonymous partner) invests in the business of the other party (business operator) and the other party agrees to share in the profits arising from that business (Commercial Code, Article 535). In reality, it is a joint venture between the anonymous partner and the business operator, and is similar to a limited partnership, but legally, the anonymous partnership is a contract and not a legal entity like a limited partnership. The anonymous partnership acts externally as a private company of the business operator only, and the anonymous partner hides behind it, so in principle, it has no rights or obligations towards third parties regarding the business operator's actions, and has no authority to execute the business of the business operator or represent the business operator. The anonymous partner invests in the business of the business operator, but this investment is limited to asset investment, and investment of credit or labor is not permitted. In addition, the investment in principle belongs to the business operator's assets (Commercial Code, Article 536). The operator has an obligation to distribute profits arising from the business, and in the absence of any special agreement, the anonymous partner has no obligation to share losses. However, if the investment is reduced due to losses, the anonymous partner cannot claim a dividend from profits until the loss is made up (Article 538 of the same law). Since the business performance of the anonymous partner directly affects the distribution of profits, the anonymous partner is given the authority to inspect the balance sheet and to inspect the business and financial status (Article 539 of the same law). When the anonymous partner agreement is terminated, the operator must return the value of the investment to the anonymous partner, but if the investment is reduced due to losses, the remaining amount may be returned. Since the object of the investment belongs to the operator's property, it is not necessary to return the invested object itself, and it may be returned in monetary value (Article 542 of the same law). Since anonymous partners cannot return their investment when there is no remaining amount, the need for measures to protect investors is desired. [Toda Shuzo] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
当事者の一方(匿名組合員)が相手方(営業者)の営業のために出資をなし、相手方がその営業から生ずる利益を分配することを約する契約(商法535条)。実質的には匿名組合員と営業者との共同企業であり、合資会社に類似しているが、法律上の性質は匿名組合は契約であって、合資会社のような法人ではない。匿名組合は、対外的には営業者だけの個人企業として作用し、匿名組合員はその陰に隠れているので、営業者の行為につき原則として第三者に対し権利義務を有せず、また営業者の業務を執行したり営業者を代表する権限はない。匿名組合員は営業者の営業に出資するが、この出資は財産出資に限られ、信用や労務の出資は認められない。また、出資は原則として営業者の財産に帰属する(同法536条)。営業者は、その営業から生ずる利益を分配する義務を有し、特約がない以上、匿名組合員には損失分担の義務はないが、出資が損失によって減少したときは、その損失を填補(てんぽ)した後でなければ、利益の配当を請求できない(同法538条)。匿名組合員は、営業成績がただちに利益分配に影響するので、貸借対照表の閲覧等ならびに業務および財産状況に関する検査の権限が与えられている(同法539条)。匿名組合契約が終了したときは、営業者は匿名組合員にその出資の価額を返還しなければならないが、出資が損失によって減じたときはその残額を返還すればよい。出資の目的物が営業者の財産に帰属するために、出資されたその物を返還する必要はなく、金銭に評価して返還すればよい(同法542条)。なお匿名組合員は、残額がないときは出資を返還してもらえないところから、出資者保護の措置の必要性が望まれている。 [戸田修三] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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