Galaxies generally tend to be distributed in groups. A relatively small group of 10 to 50 galaxies is called a galaxy group, and is distinguished from a larger cluster. A group of galaxies distributed in an area with a diameter of about 5 million light years near our Milky Way is called the Local Group, and there are about 20 members whose distances have been determined with certainty, and about 30 members if some members whose distances are somewhat uncertain are included. The main galaxies in the Local Group are the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), and the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), but there are also many members called dwarf galaxies with small diameters and masses. This Local Group is divided into two subgroups, one near our Milky Way and one near the Andromeda Galaxy, and the Milky Way forms a triple galaxy with the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, and the Andromeda Galaxy forms a triple galaxy with two satellite galaxies. This hierarchical structure is one of the characteristics of the distribution of galaxies. In addition to the Local Group, several dozen other galaxy groups are known. [Takase Bunshiro] [References] | | | | |The Large Magellanic Cloud (upper right) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (left). They are irregular galaxies located in the constellations Doradus and Tucanus, respectively, and are also called the Magellanic Cloud and the Magellanic Galaxy. ©ESO/S.Brunier "> Magellanic Clouds A typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. NGC224 (M31). It is the closest galaxy of its kind to the Milky Way. Photographed by the Ultraviolet Space Telescope © NASA/JPL-Caltech "> Andromeda Galaxy A spiral galaxy in the constellation Triangulum. NGC598 (M33). Photographed by the large optical and infrared telescope "Subaru" © National Astronomical Observatory of Japan "> Triangulum Galaxy Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
銀河は一般に集団をなして分布する傾向がある。そのうち比較的小規模な、10個ないし50個程度の銀河集団を銀河群とよび、もっと規模の大きい銀河団と区別する。わが銀河系の付近の直径約500万光年の範囲に分布する銀河群を局部銀河群といい、距離が決定されている確実な成員数は約20個、やや不確実な成員まで入れると約30個の集団である。局部銀河群のおもな銀河は、大マゼラン星雲、小マゼラン星雲、アンドロメダ銀河M31、さんかく座銀河M33などであり、一方、直径や質量の小さい矮小銀河(わいしょうぎんが)とよばれる成員も少なくない。この局部銀河群は、わが銀河系の付近と、アンドロメダ銀河付近の、二つの副集団に分けられ、銀河系は大小両マゼラン星雲と、またアンドロメダ銀河は二つの伴銀河と、それぞれ三連銀河をなす。このような段階的集団構造は銀河分布の特徴の一つである。局部銀河群のほかに数十個の銀河群が知られている。 [高瀬文志郎] [参照項目] | | | | |大マゼラン星雲(右上)と小マゼラン星雲(左)。それぞれ、かじき座、きょしちょう座に位置する不規則型銀河で、マゼラン雲、マゼラン銀河ともよばれる©ESO/S.Brunier"> マゼラン星雲 アンドロメダ座にある典型的な渦状銀河。NGC224(M31)。同種の銀河としては銀河系からもっとも近距離にある。紫外線宇宙望遠鏡により撮影©NASA/JPL-Caltech"> アンドロメダ銀河 さんかく座にある渦状銀河。NGC598(M33)。大型光学赤外線望遠鏡「すばる」により撮影©国立天文台"> さんかく座銀河 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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