Kawasaki Shipyard

Japanese: 川崎造船所 - かわさきぞうせんじょ
Kawasaki Shipyard

Alongside Mitsubishi Shipyard, Kawasaki is one of Japan's largest shipbuilding and machinery manufacturing companies. Its predecessor was the Kawasaki Tsukiji Shipyard, built by Kawasaki Shozo in 1878 (Meiji 11). Later, Kawasaki Hyogo Shipyard was established, and in 1886 permission was granted to lease the government-run Hyogo Shipyard, which was then relocated and merged to form Kawasaki Shipyard. Kawasaki Tsukiji Shipyard was then relocated to Kobe, and the following year, in 1887, the transfer of the government-run Hyogo Shipyard was finalized, solidifying the company's foundations. In 1896, the company was reorganized as a joint-stock company with approximately 1,800 employees.

From the time of its founding, the company responded to the Shipbuilding Promotion Law (enacted in 1896) by building the first ship to comply with the law, the Iyo Maru, as well as the first privately-owned submarine. At the end of the Meiji period, the company introduced steam turbines and other technologies from Europe and the United States, and also entered the vehicle division.

During World War I, the company made great strides based on the construction of stock boats (ships built to meet growing demand). The amount of ships built also increased. In addition, in 1916 (Taisho 5), the company expanded its Hyogo factory and began to establish a system for self-sufficiency in steel materials, and in 1918, two divisions were established: aircraft and automobile.

During the postwar depression, the company managed to avoid the severe effects of the depression by diversifying its operations and receiving orders for unrestricted ships from the navy, even though it was under the Washington Naval Treaty. However, the financial panic of 1927 led to the closure of the 15 banks, with which the company had major transactions, and the lifting of the gold embargo in 1930 led to the company going bankrupt and forcing it to lay off a large number of employees.

However, the re-ban on gold exports in 1931 and the implementation of ship improvement subsidy facilities the following year became an opportunity for the company to recover. Riding the wave of the military demand boom, the company separated its aircraft division in 1937 (establishing Kawasaki Aircraft Co., Ltd.), and in 1939 increased its capital to 200 million yen and changed its name to Kawasaki Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (Book version 1985)
[Misono Kenkichi]

"Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Corporate History" (1959) edited and published by the Corporate History Editorial Office of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.

[Reference items] | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Kawasaki Shozo | The 15th Bank
Kawasaki Shipyard (Taisho era)
Higashi-Kawasaki-cho, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture (currently Higashi-Kawasaki-cho, Chuo Ward, Kobe City). Photo Collection of Famous Places and Historic Sites of Japan, Kinki Region (1918, Taisho 7), National Diet Library

Kawasaki Shipyard (Taisho era)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

三菱(みつびし)造船所と並ぶ日本最大手の造船・造機会社。川崎正蔵(しょうぞう)が1878年(明治11)に建設した川崎築地(つきじ)造船所がその前身である。のち川崎兵庫造船所が設立され、また1886年に官営兵庫造船所の借用が許可されて、ここに川崎兵庫造船所を移転合併して川崎造船所が誕生した。続いて川崎築地造船所も神戸に移転し、翌1887年に官営兵庫造船所の払下げが確定して基礎が固まった。そして1896年には従業員約1800人の株式会社に改組された。

 同社は創業まもないころから造船奨励法(1896年施行)に呼応し、同法適格第一号船伊予(いよ)丸や民間初の潜水艦などを建造した。明治末年には欧米から蒸気タービンなどを技術導入し、また車両部門にも乗り出した。

 第一次世界大戦期には、ストック・ボート(需要増に対処するための見込み生産による在庫船)の建造を基礎に、飛躍的発展を遂げた。艦艇の建造高も増大した。加えて1916年(大正5)には兵庫工場を拡張して鋼材の自給体制を整え始め、また1918年には航空機、自動車の2部門を設置した。

 戦後恐慌期は、多角経営を行い、また、ワシントン軍縮下ではあったが海軍からの非制限艦の発注があり、恐慌の甚大な影響からは免れた。しかし、1927年(昭和2)の金融恐慌で主要取引銀行の十五銀行が休業したこと、および1930年の金解禁によって、経営は破綻(はたん)し、大量の人員を整理するに至った。

 しかし、1931年の金輸出再禁止と翌年から実施された船舶改善助成施設は、再生の契機となった。そして軍需景気の波に乗り、1937年に航空機部門を分離(川崎航空機株式会社の設立)したのち、1939年、資本金を2億円に増額し、社名を川崎重工業株式会社と改称した。(書籍版 1985年)
[御園謙吉]

『川崎重工業株式会社社史編さん室編・刊『川崎重工業株式会社社史』(1959)』

[参照項目] | 川崎重工業(株) | 川崎正蔵 | 十五銀行
川崎造船所(大正時代)
兵庫県神戸市東川崎町(現在の神戸市中央区東川崎町)。『日本名勝旧蹟産業写真集 近畿地方之部』(1918年〈大正7〉)国立国会図書館所蔵">

川崎造船所(大正時代)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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