Cyclic AMP - Kanjo AMP

Japanese: 環状AMP - かんじょうエーエムピー
Cyclic AMP - Kanjo AMP
Cyclic AMP is also called cAMP. It is produced from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase and broken down by phosphodiesterase. Hormones in living organisms circulate in the blood, but a certain hormone acts only on a certain tissue because only the cells of that tissue have receptors that bind to that hormone. In particular, in the case of various peptide hormones and adrenaline, the receptors are located on the cell membrane and do not enter the cell, but when the hormone binds to the receptor, the associated adenylate cyclase is activated and cAMP is produced from ATP. cAMP acts on various protein kinases to phosphorylate enzymes in the cell and regulate their activity. In other words, the action of hormones follows the route hormone → receptor → adenylate cyclase → cAMP → various enzymes in the cell. Therefore, while hormones are first messengers, cAMP is called a second messenger.
→ Related article Cyclic GMP | Sutherland

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
サイクリックAMPともいい,cAMPと略記。アデニル酸シクラーゼという酵素によってATPからつくられ,ホスホジエステラーゼによって分解される。生物体のホルモンは血液とともに循環しているが,あるホルモンがある組織にだけ作用するのは,そのホルモンに結合するような受容体(レセプタ)が特定の組織の細胞にだけ存在するからである。特に各種のペプチドホルモンとアドレナリンの場合は,その受容体は細胞膜にあって細胞内には入らないが,ホルモンが受容体に結合すると連動したアデニル酸シクラーゼが活性化され,ATPからcAMPがつくられる。cAMPは各種のプロテインキナーゼに作用して細胞内の酵素をリン酸化し,その活性を調節する。つまりホルモンの作用は,ホルモン→受容体→アデニル酸シクラーゼ→cAMP→細胞内の諸酵素という経路をとっている。したがってホルモンが第1次メッセンジャーであるのに対し,cAMPは第2次メッセンジャーと呼ばれている。
→関連項目環状GMP|サザランド

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