Kan'gakuin - Kan'gakuin

During the Heian period, this was a university school for the Fujiwara clan. It was founded in 821 (Kōnin 12) by Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu in Sakyo Sanjo Ichibo, south of the Daigakuryo and south of Kobun-in. It was also called Nansō or Uji no in. It was established to house students of Fujiwara clan origin, provide them with tuition, and encourage their studies. Students lived in the school's residence, studied at the university, and took exams. Initially, Fuyutsugu donated 1,000 households of land to cover maintenance costs, and later, ministers of Fujiwara clan origin donated land, but the source of funds came from donated manors. It was not under the jurisdiction of the Daigakuryo, but was managed by the Fujiwara clan's head priest. There were officials such as the betto, gakuto, chiinji, and anju, and the betto worked hard to help students advance in their careers, so students had many advantageous conditions. Later, it also began to handle the affairs of the Fujiwara clan's clan temples and shrines, and a mandokoro (administrative office) was established to handle the affairs of the clan's head. Due to the political influence of the Fujiwara clan, it flourished the most among the various Daigaku Besso, but it declined during the Kamakura period. However, the organization continued until the Muromachi period.

[Tokuro Otsuka]

"Research on the Ancient Educational System by Momo Hiroyuki (1947, Meguro Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安時代、藤原氏のための大学別曹(べっそう)。藤原冬嗣(ふゆつぐ)が821年（弘仁12）大学寮の南方、弘文(こうぶん)院の南、左京三条一坊に創設。南曹とも氏院(うじのいん)ともいわれた。藤原氏出身の学生(がくしょう)を寄宿させ、学資を与え、学問を励ますためのもので、学生は曹司(ぞうし)に起居して、大学に学び、課試を受けた。当初、冬嗣が食封(じきふ)1000戸を寄付して維持費にあて、その後、藤原氏出身の大臣らが食封を寄進したりしたが、寄進荘園(しょうえん)をその財源とすることになる。大学寮の管轄を受けず、藤原氏の氏長者(うじのちょうじゃ)が所管した。別当、学頭、知院事(ちいんじ)、案主(あんじゅ)などの職員があり、別当が学生の出世に尽力したので、学生には有利な条件が多くあった。のちに藤原氏の氏寺、氏社の事務をも取り扱うようになり、氏長者の事務を行う政所(まんどころ)も置かれるようになる。藤原氏の政治勢力によって、諸氏大学別曹のなかでもっとも栄えたが、鎌倉時代には衰えた。しかし、機構は室町時代まで続いた。

［大塚徳郎］

『桃裕行著『上代学制の研究』（1947・目黒書店）』

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