A general term for polysaccharides composed of galactose. It is widely distributed in plants and seaweed, but often exists as a heteropolysaccharide bound to other sugars. The pectic substances of the seeds of Lupinus albus and apples contain about 25% of D -galactans alone with (β1→4) bonds, which are bound as side chains of pectic acid. D -galactans with a similar degree of polymerization have also been found in arabinogalactans found in coniferous wood. Agarose (about 70%), a galactan found in red algae known as agar, has a repeating structure of agarobiose, in which D -galactose with (β1→4) bonds and 3,6-anhydro- L -galactose with (α1→3) bonds are linked alternately. Agaropectin also contains agarobiose units, but it is an acidic polysaccharide with sulfate and pyruvic acid groups and has weak gelling power. Carrageenan, found in red algae such as Chondrus , is a sulfated D -galactan. The positions of the sulfate groups in κ-carrageenan, which precipitates from an aqueous solution with KCl, and in soluble λ-carrageenan are determined as shown in the figure. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
ガラクトースから構成される多糖の総称.植物,海藻などに広く分布するが,ほかの糖と結合したヘテロ多糖として存在することも多い.ルピナスLupinus albusの種子やリンゴのペクチン質には,(β1→4)結合をもつ単独のD-ガラクタンが約25% 含まれており,これらはペクチン酸の側鎖として結合している.また,針葉樹材中のアラビノガラクタン中にも,同様な重合度のD-ガラクタンが見いだされている.寒天として知られている紅藻中のガラクタン,アガロース(約70%)は,(β1→4)結合のD-ガラクトースと(α1→3)結合の3,6-アンヒドロ-L-ガラクトースとが交互に連なったアガロビオースの繰り返し構造をもつ.アガロペクチンもアガロビオース単位をもつが,硫酸基やピルビン酸基をもつ酸性多糖で,ゲル化力が弱い.ツノマタChondrusなどの紅藻に含まれるカラゲニンは,硫酸化D-ガラクタンである.水溶液からKClで沈殿するκ-カラゲナンと,可溶のλ-カラゲナン中の硫酸基の位置は,図のように決定されている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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