Hangu Pass - Kankokukan

Japanese: 函谷関 - かんこくかん
Hangu Pass - Kankokukan

A strategic transportation and military location on the south bank of the Yellow River in the western part of Henan Province, China. During the Warring States period, Qin first established Hangu Pass south of Lingbao County, but Emperor Wu of the Western Han relocated it to the east of Xin'an County, about 150 km to the east (114 BC). It was at the ancient pass in Lingbao County that Qin Shi Huang (the First Emperor) repelled a large army made up of soldiers from five countries: Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, and Wei, and in the 6th century, the Northern Zhou dynasty, whose capital was Chang'an, established a frontline base at Xin'an County to confront the Northern Qi dynasty, whose capital was Ye to the east. In ancient China, northern China was sometimes divided into two regions, Kanto and Kansai (Guanzhong), and the pass in this case referred to Hangu Pass. The name is said to come from the fact that a narrow road that barely let in sunlight ran along a mountain valley, making it seem as if one was walking inside a box.

[Shiro Sekio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、河南(かなん/ホーナン)省西部、黄河(こうが/ホワンホー)の南岸に位置する交通、軍事上の要地。初め戦国時代に秦(しん)が霊宝(れいほう)県の南方に函谷関を設けたが、前漢の武帝により、東に150キロメートルほど離れた新安県の東方に移された(前114)。秦王政(始皇帝)が、楚(そ)、趙(ちょう)、魏(ぎ)、韓(かん)、衛の5か国の兵士からなる大軍を退けたのは、霊宝県の古関であり、6世紀、長安に都した北周が、東方の鄴(ぎょう)に都した北斉(ほくせい)に対峙(たいじ)するために前線基地を設けたのは、新安県の新関である。なお古来中国では、華北を関東と関西(関中)という二つの地域に区分することがあるが、その際の関とは、この函谷関のことであり、また名称は、山間の谷沿いに陽光がほとんど差し込まない狭い道が続いていて、まるで函(はこ)の中を行くようだったことに由来するという。

[關尾史郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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