A type of device that measures the energy loss of radiation. It uses the ionization of gas by radiation. Usually, the inner wall of a cylindrical container is used as the cathode, and a thin metal wire stretched along the central axis is used as the anode, and PR gas (90% argon, 10% methane) is placed in the container. When a DC voltage of appropriate strength is applied between the two electrodes, the electrons and positive ions produced when the radiation ionizes the gas are attracted to the anode and cathode, respectively, and accelerated, colliding with gas atoms to create secondary ions. The total number of ions produced is proportional to the number of ions directly produced by the radiation. Therefore, a current that is amplified in proportion to the ionization loss of the radiation flows between the two electrodes. When radiation is absorbed by the gas inside the cylinder, the energy of the radiation is measured. If the applied voltage is too strong, it is not suitable for measuring energy, and only information on the number of incident particles can be obtained, as with a Geiger-Muller counter. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
放射線のエネルギー損失を測定する装置の1種。放射線による気体の電離現象を利用する。通常,円筒形容器の内壁を陰極に,中心軸に張った細い金属線を陽極とし,容器内に PRガス (アルゴン 90%,メタン 10%) などを入れる。両極間に適当な強さの直流電圧を加えておくと,放射線がガスを電離したとき生じる電子と陽イオンとがそれぞれ陽極,陰極に引かれて加速され,ガスの原子に衝突して2次的にイオンをつくる。生じたイオンの総数は放射線が直接つくったイオンの数に比例する。したがって両極間には,放射線の電離損失に比例して増幅された電流が流れる。放射線が円筒内のガスの中で吸収されるときには,放射線のもっていたエネルギーがはかられる。印加電圧が強すぎるとエネルギーの測定に不向きとなり,ガイガー=ミュラー計数管と同様に入射個数の情報しか得られなくなる。
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