A diode whose capacitance changes with voltage, also called a varactor. When no voltage is applied to a diode made by joining p-type and n-type semiconductors, electrons and holes diffuse from each semiconductor near the pn junction surface, neutralizing each other, and a depletion layer with no mobile charge is formed. Note that the part with mobile charge is a conductor like a metal, and the part without mobile charge is an insulator, so the diode can be considered a kind of capacitance (capacitor). Furthermore, if a voltage is applied to this diode so that the p side is negative and the n side is positive (reverse bias), the holes are attracted to the negative voltage side and the electrons are attracted to the positive voltage side, and the depletion layer expands. In other words, the distance between the plates as a capacitor increases, so the capacitance decreases. In other words, the capacitance at both ends can be changed by changing the DC bias voltage applied to the diode. Various voltage-capacity characteristics can be obtained by changing the concentration gradient of impurities in the p-type or n-type semiconductor. This diode is used in electronic tuners for televisions and radios, and in automatic frequency control that automatically corrects tuning errors. It is also used in frequency modulators and low-noise parametric amplifiers. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
電圧によって電気容量が変化するダイオードで,バラクタ varactorとも呼ぶ。p型半導体とn型半導体を接合したダイオードにおいて電圧を印加しない場合,p-n接合面の近くではそれぞれの半導体から電子および正孔が拡散し合って中和し,可動電荷のない空乏層が形成される。可動電荷のある部分は金属のように導電体であり,可動電荷のない部分は絶縁体となることに注意すると,ダイオードは一種の容量 (コンデンサ) となっていると考えられる。さらに,このダイオードにp側が負にn側が正になるような電圧 (逆バイアス) を加えると,正孔は負電圧側に,電子は正電圧側に引寄せられ,空乏層が広がる。換言すれば,コンデンサとしての極板間の距離が増大するので,容量が減少する。つまり,ダイオードに加える直流バイアス電圧を変えることによって,その両端の容量を変えることができる。p型半導体あるいはn型半導体の不純物の濃度勾配を変えることによって種々の電圧-容量特性のものが得られる。このダイオードは,テレビやラジオの電子チューナや同調のずれを自動的に補正する自動周波数制御に用いられる。そのほか,周波数変調器,低雑音パラメトリック増幅器などの用途がある。
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