…The decay rate varies depending on the nucleus and has a very wide range, but there is a simple relationship between the decay constant λ and the range R of α rays in air: log e λ = A + B log e R ( A and B are constants specific to each radioactive decay series) (Geiger-Nuttal law). The theoretical explanation of α decay was given by G. Gamow, EU Condon and RW Gurney (1928) by solving the motion of α particles under the Coulomb potential from the remaining nucleus in quantum mechanics, and according to this, α decay is considered to be a process in which α particles escape the potential barrier by tunneling effect due to their wave nature. [Toshimitsu Yamazaki]. … From [Tunnel effect]… The possibility of the tunnel effect was first pointed out by JR Oppenheimer (1928), who discussed the probability that an electron would pass through the Coulomb field barrier and be emitted to the outside when a strong electric field is applied to a hydrogen atom. In the same year, G. Gamow, RW Gurney, and EU Condon explained the process in which alpha particles (helium nuclei) are emitted from atomic nuclei during radioactive decay (alpha decay) as a tunnel effect. The first demonstration of the tunnel effect in a solid was given by Leona Esaki in 1957. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Gurney, RW" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…崩壊の速さは原子核によって異なり非常に広い範囲にわたっているが,崩壊定数λとα線の空気中の飛程Rとの間にはlogeλ=A+B logeR(A,Bは各放射性崩壊系列に固有の定数)という簡単な関係(ガイガー=ヌッタルの法則)がある。α崩壊の理論的説明は,G.ガモフ,E.U.コンドンとR.W.ガーニーによって,残りの核から受けるクーロンポテンシャルのもとでのα粒子の運動を量子力学的に解くことによってなされ(1928),これによればα崩壊は,α粒子がその波動性のためポテンシャル障壁をトンネル効果によって抜け出てくる過程と考えられる。【山崎 敏光】。… 【トンネル効果】より… トンネル効果の可能性を最初に指摘したのはJ.R.オッペンハイマーであり(1928),水素原子に強い電場をかけたとき,電子がクーロン場の障壁を透過して外部に放出される確率を論じた。同じ年,G.ガモフ,R.W.ガーニーおよびE.U.コンドンは原子核の放射性崩壊の際,α粒子(ヘリウムの原子核)が原子核から放出される過程(α崩壊)をトンネル効果として説明した。固体におけるトンネル効果の最初の実証は,1957年江崎玲於奈によって与えられた。… ※「ガーニー,R.W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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