This refers to the phenomenon of bonding between atoms of the same element. The ability to form such bonds is particularly evident in carbon, and almost infinitely long catenations are seen in chain compounds (aliphatic compounds) and cyclic compounds. Elements close to carbon in the periodic table also show this, although not as strongly. For example, in silicon and germanium, which are below carbon, the longest chains of hydrogen compounds are Si 8 H 18 and Ge 5 H 12 , and only SnH 4 and PbH 4 are known for tin and lead. Catenation is also seen in chain compounds such as tetrazene H 2 NN=N-NH 2 and octazene HN=N-NH-N=N-NH-N=NH for nitrogen, which is next to carbon, and in polythionates HO 3 SS n -…-S-SO 3 H and sulfane HSS-…-SH for sulfur. Hydrogen peroxide HOOH is known for oxygen, but nothing longer than this is known. [Nakahara Katsunori] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
同じ元素の原子どうしの間で結合する現象をいう。このような結合のできる性質は、炭素でとくに著しくみられ、鎖式化合物(脂肪族化合物)や環式化合物でほとんど無限ともいえるほど長いカートネーションがみられる。周期表中で炭素に近い元素でも、炭素よりは強くないがみられる。たとえば、炭素の下にあるケイ素やゲルマニウムでは、水素化合物で最長鎖のものはSi8H18、Ge5H12であり、スズや鉛ではSnH4、PbH4しか知られていない。また炭素の隣の窒素ではテトラゼンH2N-N=N-NH2やオクタゼンHN=N-NH-N=N-NH-N=NHのような鎖式化合物でカートネーションの現象がみられるし、硫黄(いおう)ではポリチオン酸HO3S-Sn-…-S-SO3HやスルファンH-S-S-…-S-Hなどでみられる。酸素では過酸化水素H-O-O-Hが知られているが、これ以上のものは知られていない。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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