It refers to inflammation of the tonsils, which include the larger tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsils, the palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils, and each can have acute and chronic inflammation. However, when people generally talk about tonsillitis, they are often referring to palatine tonsillitis. Below, we will discuss each type of tonsillitis, divided into acute and chronic. (1) Acute palatine tonsillitis In many cases, it begins with a viral infection and quickly progresses to a bacterial infection. It is most commonly caused by hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, or influenza bacteria. Symptoms include fever, discomfort, sore throat, pain when swallowing, and headache. Symptoms are more severe in young children and may be accompanied by chills. The palatine tonsils may be red and simply swollen on the surface (catarrhal tonsillitis), with purulent plaque attached to the tonsillar crypts (cryptic tonsillitis), or with purulent plaque attached to the tonsillar follicles (follicular tonsillitis). Sometimes the cervical lymph nodes may swell and become tender, or peritonsillitis or abscesses may develop. Treatment involves resting and administering antibiotics and antipyretics. (2) Special types of acute palatine tonsillitis: A condition in which inflammation of the palatine tonsils is the main lesion and has spread to the other tonsils and surrounding tissues is called angina or tonsilitis. Pathologic angina is caused by a mixed infection with fusiform and spiral tonsils, and although deep ulcers occur, the patient's overall condition and prognosis are good. Scarlet fever angina is characterized by severe redness. Angina caused by infectious mononucleosis is characterized by severe purulent coating and swelling of the lymph nodes and spleen throughout the body. (3) Acute pharyngeal tonsillitis The causes, symptoms, and treatment are roughly the same as those of acute palatine tonsillitis, but symptoms such as nasal congestion (stuffy nose), rhinorrhea, and mouth breathing are more prominent. (4) Acute lingual tonsillitis: The causes, symptoms, and treatments are almost the same as those of acute palatine tonsillitis, but there is severe pain when swallowing and swallowing difficulties. (5) Chronic tonsillitis This is caused by repeated episodes of acute tonsillitis (habitual tonsillitis). Symptoms are generally mild, including a feeling of irritation and foreign body sensation, and sometimes a slight fever. Acute inflammation occurs repeatedly. The tonsils become enlarged and pus comes out when pressed. Pus plugs may be seen on the surface. Chronic tonsillitis may cause nephritis, arthritis, or endocarditis (focal infection). In this case, the tonsils are sunken and appear rather small, but the surface is often uneven. Treatment involves trying to maintain overall health and gargling after going out. Antibiotics, lozenges, and throat liniments are largely ineffective. If they are causing habitual tonsillitis or focal infection, they will be removed surgically. (6) Chronic pharyngeal tonsillitis The pharyngeal tonsils grow and become enlarged, forming a tumor-like mass called adenoids. (7) Chronic lingual tonsillitis This is common in people after adolescence, especially in the elderly. It is caused by repeated bouts of acute inflammation, but it can also occur after a tonsillectomy. Symptoms include coughing, a foreign body sensation in the throat, and enlarged tonsils. [Masami Kawamura] [References] | |©Shogakukan "> Locating the Adenoids and Tonsils Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
扁桃の炎症をいうが、扁桃には大きいものだけでも咽頭(いんとう)扁桃、口蓋(こうがい)扁桃、舌根扁桃があり、それぞれに急性と慢性の炎症がみられる。しかし、一般に扁桃炎といえば口蓋扁桃炎をさす場合が多い。以下、それぞれの扁桃炎について急性と慢性に分けて述べる。 (1)急性口蓋扁桃炎 多くの場合ウイルス感染に始まり、すぐに細菌感染に移行する。溶血性連鎖球菌、肺炎球菌、インフルエンザ菌の感染が多い。症状は発熱、不快感、咽頭痛、嚥下(えんげ)痛、頭痛などである。幼小児では症状が強く現れ、悪寒を伴うこともある。口蓋扁桃は発赤し、表面が単に腫脹(しゅちょう)しているもの(カタル性扁桃炎)、扁桃陰窩(いんか)に膿苔(のうたい)が付着しているもの(陰窩性扁桃炎)、扁桃濾胞(ろほう)に膿苔が付着しているもの(濾胞性扁桃炎)がある。ときに頸(けい)部リンパ節が腫大し、圧痛を生じたり、扁桃周囲炎や膿瘍(のうよう)を合併することがある。治療は、安静を守り、抗生物質や解熱剤の投与などを行う。 (2)急性口蓋扁桃炎の特殊型 口蓋扁桃の炎症が主病変で、他の扁桃や周囲の組織にも波及している病態をアンギーナ、口峡炎とよんでいる。ワンサンアンギーナは紡錘状菌と螺旋(らせん)菌の混合感染によるもので、深い潰瘍(かいよう)が生じるが全身状態や予後はよい。しょうこう熱性アンギーナは発赤が高度である。伝染性単核症によるアンギーナは膿苔がひどく、全身リンパ節や脾臓(ひぞう)の腫脹を伴う。 (3)急性咽頭扁桃炎 原因、症状、治療は急性口蓋扁桃炎とだいたい同じであるが、鼻閉(鼻づまり)、鼻漏、口呼吸などの症状が著明である。 (4)急性舌根扁桃炎 これも原因、症状、治療が急性口蓋扁桃炎とほぼ同じであるが、嚥下痛が強く、嚥下障害を伴う。 (5)慢性口蓋扁桃炎 急性口蓋扁桃炎を繰り返すこと(習慣性扁桃炎)が原因である。症状は一般に軽い。刺激感、異物感などがあり、ときに微熱がある。急性炎症を繰り返しおこす。扁桃は肥大し、圧迫すると膿が出る。表面に膿栓をみることもある。慢性口蓋扁桃炎が腎(じん)炎、関節炎、心内膜炎の原因になっていること(病巣感染)がある。この場合は扁桃が埋没し、見かけはむしろ小さいが、表面は凹凸があることが多い。治療は、全身の健康保持に努め、外出後にはうがいを行う。抗生物質、トローチ剤、咽頭塗布剤はほとんど効果がない。習慣性扁桃炎や病巣感染の原因になっている場合は手術で摘出する。 (6)慢性咽頭扁桃炎 咽頭扁桃が増殖肥大して腫瘤(しゅりゅう)状となるが、これをアデノイドという。 (7)慢性舌根扁桃炎 青年期以後、とくに老人に多い。急性炎症を繰り返すことが原因であるが、ときに口蓋扁桃摘出後におこることもある。咳(せき)、のどの異物感があり、扁桃は肥大している。 [河村正三] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> アデノイド(咽頭扁桃)と口蓋扁桃の位置 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Floating exchange rate system
A curve expressed by the equation r = a(1 + cosθ)...
...A general term for birds of the Ibis family in...
" Lucky direction How to " The heavy sno...
1570?-1612 Indian historian. Born in the Persian C...
One of the positions in the Edo Shogunate. Inspec...
This refers to damage to persons or property caus...
A method of measuring the distance between two poi...
...However, as a whole, the movement could no lon...
A type of kusazoshi published in the mid-Edo perio...
It is part of a major road that crosses the West ...
A town in Tosa County in northern Kochi Prefecture...
A Jodo sect monk in the early Kamakura period. Hi...
…Originally, it comes from the “alienation effect...
...The townscape first began on the north and sou...
Born: July 18, 1901 in Holsterhausen, Westphalia [...