Isospace - Electrically charged space

Japanese: 荷電空間 - かでんくうかん(英語表記)isospace
Isospace - Electrically charged space
Isospin is a physical quantity that describes the internal state of quarks and hadrons, their composite particles, and mathematically has the same structure as spin angular momentum. Therefore, isospin is considered to describe a certain rotational motion in a fictitious three-dimensional space, and this abstract three-dimensional space is called charge space. Interactions that are invariant to rotation in charge space are said to be charge independent. The strong interaction is charge independent to a good approximation, and all hadrons have their own definite isospin. The electromagnetic interaction is not charge independent. Because the mass of the u quark with isospin 1/2 and the mass of the d quark with isospin -1/2 are slightly different, charge independence is slightly violated even in the strong interaction. This violation and the effect of the electromagnetic interaction are thought to result in mass differences between protons and neutrons, and between charged and neutral pions.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アイソスピンはクォークおよびその複合粒子であるハドロンの内部状態を記述する物理量であり,数学的にはスピン角運動量と同じ構造をもつ。そこで,アイソスピンは仮想的な三次元空間でのある回転運動を記述しているとみなし,その抽象的三次元空間を荷電空間という。荷電空間中の回転に対して不変な相互作用は荷電独立であるといわれる。強い相互作用はよい近似で荷電独立であり,すべてのハドロンはそれぞれ確定したアイソスピンをもつ。電磁相互作用は荷電独立ではない。アイソスピン 1/2 の u クォークの質量と -1/2 の d クォークの質量が少し異なるために,強い相互作用でも荷電独立性が少し破れる。この破れと電磁相互作用の効果のため,陽子と中性子,荷電π中間子と中性π中間子の質量差が生じると考えられる。

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