A measuring instrument that measures vibration waveforms, amplitude, frequency, acceleration, etc. It usually refers to a device that measures vibrations in the frequency range of about 1 to 1000 Hz, such as machines, vehicles, ships, and structures. Devices that measure slower frequencies, such as earthquakes, are called seismometers, while devices that measure faster frequencies are classified as acoustic measuring devices. The principle is that a pendulum (mass) is supported by an elastic spring, and a damped vibrating string is applied to the vibrating object to be measured, indicating or recording the displacement or inertial force of the mass. There are optical, mechanical, and electrical methods for amplifying the displacement. In some cases, the vibration displacement is converted into an electrical quantity, amplified, and observed using an oscillograph. With this method, amplitudes of less than a micrometer (1/1000 of a millimeter) can be measured, and frequencies up to several thousand hertz can be measured. [Hidetaro Nakayama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
振動の波形、振幅、周波数、加速度などを測定する計測器。通常、機械、車両、船、構造物など周波数範囲が約1~1000ヘルツの振動を測定するものをいう。地震のようにこれより遅い周波数を測定するものは地震計といい、速い周波数を測定するものは音響測定機の分野に入る。原理は、振り子(質量)を弾性ばねで支え、減衰を与えた振動糸を、測定しようと思う振動物体に当て、質量の変位または慣性力を指示し、あるいは記録させる。変位を拡大するのには光学的、機械的、電気的方法がある。振動の変位などを電気量に変換し、増幅してオシログラフを使用して観測する場合もある。この方法では、振幅はマイクロメートル(1000分の1ミリメートル)以下のものでも測定ができ、周波数も数千ヘルツまでも測定できる。 [中山秀太郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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