Single-sided drum - Katame Taiko

Japanese: 片面太鼓 - かためんたいこ

For example, the slit drums (split drums), representative of Oceania, are found in various sizes throughout most of the world except Micronesia, and are used to send signals over long distances (the garam of the Sepik River basin) or as rhythmic instruments to accompany dance (the to'ele of Tahiti). As membranophones, the drums are distinct in that in Melanesia and eastern Micronesia, single-sided cylindrical or hourglass-shaped drums are held in the hand, whereas in Polynesia, single-sided pan-shaped or cylindrical drums are played standing on the floor. The latter form can be considered Asian, and there are other instruments that are thought to have been introduced to Oceania via the Philippines.

From [Taiko]

…When the body is deep and cylindrical, it is classified according to the shape of the side, into cylindrical, conical, compound conical, which is made by joining the wide sides of two cones, and similar shapes such as hourglass and bale. These bodies have a membrane on one or both sides, but pot-shaped and jar-shaped bodies have a membrane on one side, and cup-shaped bodies have a membrane on one side and the bottom side is open. As for single-sided drums that are played vertically, some are made to resemble the lower half of a human body, some have a face carved on the side of the body like a head, and some have legs attached to the bottom of the body, which are mainly found in various parts of Africa. Wood is the most commonly used material, and the center of the trunk is hollowed out to make it hollow, but in rare cases, some are made by combining boards like a barrel. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "single-sided drum" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…たとえば，オセアニアを代表するスリット･ドラム(割れ目太鼓)はミクロネシアを除いてほぼ全域で大小さまざまのものが分布しており，遠くへの信号発信具として(セピック川流域のガラム)あるいは舞踊伴奏のリズム楽器として(タヒチのトーエレ)活用されている。膜鳴楽器としての太鼓は，メラネシアとミクロネシア東部で筒形ないし砂時計形の片面太鼓を手でかかえて奏するのに対し，ポリネシアでは鍋形ないし筒形の片面締太鼓を床に立てて奏する違いが目立つ。後者の形態をアジア的なものと見なすことも可能で，他の楽器についてもフィリピン経由でオセアニアに入ってきたと思われるものがある。…

【太鼓】より

…胴が深く筒状になると，側面の形によって円筒形，円錐形，2個の円錐の広い面を接合させた複合円錐形，狭い面を接合させた形とその類似形の砂時計形，俵形などに分類されており，これらの胴には片面または両面に膜が張られているが，鍋形，壺形の胴では1面，杯形の胴では膜は1面で底にあたる面は開放されている。垂直に立てて打たれる片面太鼓では，人間の下半身を模した形に作られているものや，胴を頭に見たてて側面に顔が彫られているもの，あるいは胴の下端に脚状の部分が付けられている太鼓が，主としてアフリカ各地に見られる。材料は木が最も多く用いられ，幹の中心部をくり抜き，空洞にして使用されるが，まれに桶のように板を組み合わせて作られているものもある。…

※「片面太鼓」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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