Cockscomb bigscale fish

Japanese: カブトウオ - かぶとうお(英語表記)cockscomb bigscale fish
Cockscomb bigscale fish

A marine fish belonging to the order Alfonsinophyllum and family Hemophilidae of the class Osteichthyes. It is widely distributed in the southern part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, off the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region, the waters around the Ogasawara Islands, the South China Sea, and temperate and subtropical waters of the Northern Hemisphere of the Pacific Ocean. Its head is rather large, about one-third of its body length, and its surface is covered with spines and uneven bony protrusions. This gives it the appearance of a helmet, from which its Japanese name derives. There is an upward-pointing spine between both nostrils. There is a pair of high crest-like protuberances on the top of the head. The preoperculum protrudes in a round shape, with 11 to 16 weak spines on the ventral edge, but they are not continuous with the spines on the posterior edge. It has a large mouth, and the posterior end of the upper jaw extends below the posterior edge of the eye. The body is black or dark brown, with white edges on the skeletal protuberances. The oral cavity and gill cavity are pure black. It reaches a body length of about 12 centimeters. It is a pelagic fish that lives in the mesopelagic to bathypelagic zones up to a depth of 2000 meters, and is caught by mid-water trawling. Fourteen species in this family and five in this genus are known to exist in Japanese waters, and this species can be distinguished from other species by the fact that its eye diameter is smaller than its snout length, the spines on the ventral edge of the preopercle are separated from the spines on the posterior edge, and its dorsal fin has 12 to 13 soft rays. Although it has no utilitarian value, it is important as food for salmon, tuna, and other large fish.

[Kunio Amagaoka November 17, 2015]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱キンメダイ目カブトウオ科に属する海水魚。オホーツク海南部、東北地方の太平洋沖、小笠原諸島(おがさわらしょとう)水域、南シナ海、太平洋の北半球の温帯・亜熱帯海域に広く分布する。頭はやや大きく、体長の3分の1程度で、表面は棘(とげ)や凸凹した骨質突起で覆われている。これが兜をかぶっているように見え、和名の由来となっている。両鼻孔の間に1本の上向きの棘がある。頭頂に1対の高いとさか状の隆起がある。前鰓蓋骨(ぜんさいがいこつ)は円く突出し、腹縁に11~16本の弱い棘があるが、後縁の棘と連続しない。口は大きくて、上顎(じょうがく)の後端は目の後縁下を越える。体色は黒色または黒褐色で、骨格の隆起物の縁は白い。口腔(こうこう)と鰓腔は真黒色。体長は12センチメートルぐらいになる。水深2000メートルまでの中深層~漸深層に生息する遊泳性魚類で、中層トロールでとれる。日本の海域から、本科には14種、本属には5種知られているが、本種は眼径が吻長(ふんちょう)より小さいこと、前鰓蓋骨の腹縁の棘と後縁の棘が分かれていること、背びれは12~13軟条であることなどで他種と区別できる。利用価値はないが、サケ、マグロ、そのほかの大形魚の餌料(じりょう)生物として重要である。

[尼岡邦夫 2015年11月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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