...Kokushiki means the act of a creditor taking a person who belongs to the same territory as the debtor and can be seized, or the movable property of the debtor, by force, in place of the debtor when the debtor defaults on the debt. This term was created in connection with the establishment of the Shugo-ryokoku system as a regional political group, and in this period, there were also other groups such as ikki, goson, and gun, and there were respectively kokushiki, gojichi, and gunshiki. It is not clear at present what the group of tokoro was, but since Katata, an urban town in Omi, was called tokoro, and many of the privilege grants given to groups of merchants and industrialists such as the oil dealer in Oyamazaki, Yamashiro, included protection from kokushiki and tokoro, it is assumed that it referred to a group of merchants and industrialists. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hoshitsu" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…国質は,債権者が他国の債務者の債務不履行にさいし,その債務者本人のかわりに,債務者と同じ領国に所属し差押え可能な人,またはその人の動産を実力で質取りする行為を意味する。この語は,地域的政治集団としての守護領国制の成立とかかわって生まれたもので,この時代,そのほか一揆,郷村,郡などの集団に対応し,それぞれ方質,郷質(ごうじち),郡質などが存在した。所質の所という集団がどのようなものであったか現在必ずしも明確にされていないが,近江の都市的な町場であった堅田が所と称され,また山城の大山崎の油座など商工業者の集団にあたえられた特権付与状には,多く国質・所質からの保護がしるされていることなどから,商工業者集団をさすものと想定される。… ※「方質」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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