Lower midline incision - Kaseichu incision

…Usually divided into upper, middle and lower midline incisions. Upper midline incisions are used for lesions of the upper abdominal organs, i.e. stomach, liver, gallbladder and pancreas, middle midline incisions for lesions of the large intestine and small intestine, and lower midline incisions for surgery on the rectum, urinary system and genitals. The midline is the most commonly used in surgery because it has the fewest anatomical blood vessels, nerves and muscles, so damage to these can be minimized and it is easy to incise and suture. On the other hand, it is the area with the weakest resistance after suturing, and is prone to separation due to suppuration or external force, which is what is known as a cicatricial hernia. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "lower midline incision" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…通常は上･中･下の正中切開に分ける。上正中切開は上腹部臓器すなわち胃，肝臓，胆囊，膵臓の病変に，中正中切開は大腸，小腸の病変に，下正中切開は直腸，泌尿器，性器の手術に用いられる。正中線は血管や神経，筋肉が解剖学上少ないので，これらの損傷を最小限にできること，また切開や縫合が容易なことから，最も多く用いられるが，反面，縫合後は最も抵抗の弱い部位になり，化膿や外力が加わることが原因となって離解しやすく，いわゆる瘢痕（はんこん）ヘルニアをつくりやすい。…

※「下正中切開」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報