...In this system, the publishers would make songwriters write lyrics with detailed instructions, and composers compose songs according to their detailed instructions. They would print the songs on music sheets and sell them. They would have their advertising men sing the songs in front of their stores to make the songs popular. If the songs are widely sung, the music sheets would sell and the company would be commercially successful. However, the two key steps are "producing" the songwriters and composers to write songs that are likely to be popular, and "promoting" the songs to make them known and popular. The act of getting a popular entertainer to sing the song for promotion and paying them a fee is called "payola." The American music publishing industry, which established its commercial base in the 1880s and 1990s using this method, is called "Tin Pan Alley." Mainstream music is the music produced by Tin Pan Alley, and the production and sales system they established was later adopted by the record industry. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "payola" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これは,業者が作詞家に具体的な詞の内容にまで注文をつけて作詞させ,作曲家にも細かい指示のもとに作曲させて,その曲を楽譜に印刷して販売し,曲が話題になるように宣伝マンに店先などで歌わせ,その曲が人々に広く歌われれば楽譜が売れて商業的に成功する,というわけだが,最初から流行しそうな曲を作詞家,作曲家に書かせるための〈プロデュース〉と,それを多くの人に覚えてもらい流行させるための〈プロモーション〉という二つの作業が重要なポイントとなる。プロモーションのためその曲を人気芸人に歌ってもらい,それに対して謝礼を支払うのを〈ペイオーラpayola〉と呼ぶ。こうした手口によって1880~90年代に商業活動の基盤を確立したアメリカの楽譜出版業界を〈ティン・パン・アリーTin Pan Alley〉と称するが,メーンストリーム音楽はすなわちティン・パン・アリーによって生産される音楽であり,彼らの確立した生産・販売システムは,その後レコード業界にも踏襲されてゆく。… ※「payola」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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