This is an old Scandinavian term, originally a slang term used by Swedish miners. At the time, this rock was a general term for many dense rocks, excluding coarse-grained granite and porous volcanic rocks. Later, the term came to be used for diabase, basalt, andesite, and other basic to neutral igneous rocks, as well as lightly altered rocks such as epidiorite and epidiabase. Rinman was the first to use the term trapp as a technical term, describing it as a dyke that breaks into rectangular blocks [Rinman: 1754]. This term was used for all igneous rocks that occur in a blocky form on steppes, related to joints but without any clear meaning, so Lyell seems to have misunderstood the term to mean a topographical plateau or step on the side of a hill based on a flat lava flow or bed that is probably made up of traps [Lyell: 1833, Tomkeieff: 1983]. Later, Brongniart called it trappite [Brongniart: 1827]. MacCulloch also gave a somewhat more detailed description of the rock, and the term was adopted in many German textbooks [MacCulloch: 1831]. Geikie proposed that the term mean the same thing as volcanic rocks occurring in Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic strata [Geikie: 1871, Hatch: 1888]. Meanwhile, the range of rocks each refers to has gradually narrowed, and Weinschenk proposed that it corresponds to gabbro to diorite, which are slightly more acidic than general basalt [Weinschenk: 1905]. The term is widely used, and a famous example is its use in the Deccan Traps in India as a general term for basic rocks in the field. However, it gradually fell out of use, and is rarely used today. Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information |
古くスカンジナビアで使用されていた語であって,もともとはスウェーデンの鉱山師の用いた俗語.当時この岩石は,粗粒な花崗岩や多孔質の火山岩を除いた多くの緻密な岩石の総称であった.後には,輝緑岩,玄武岩,安山岩その他塩基性から中性の火成岩などに対して用いられるようになり,変閃緑岩(epidiorite),変輝緑岩(epidiabase)などのように軽く変質したものも加えられていた. リンマンはトラップ(trapp)を学術語として初めて使用し,岩脈で長方形の塊に割れるものとのべた[Rinman : 1754].これはこの名称が節理に関係しているが明瞭な意味はなく,ステップ上で塊状に産するすべての火成岩に使用されたため,ライエルはこの語を,多分トラップからできている平らな熔岩流や岩床を基礎とした丘の側面の地形的な台地か階段に由来すると誤解したらしい[Lyell : 1833, Tomkeieff : 1983].その後,ブロニアールはトラップ岩(trappite)と呼んだ[Brongniart : 1827].またマックローがやや詳しい岩石の記載を行い,さらにドイツの多くの教科書にも採用された[MacCulloch : 1831].ゲイキーは古生代,中生代,新生代の地層に産する火山岩と同じ意味の言葉であると提案している[Geikie : 1871, Hatch : 1888].その間に次第にそれぞれの示す範囲が狭まる傾向にあり,ワインシェンクは一般の玄武岩よりもやや酸性の斑糲(はんれい)岩から閃緑岩に相当するものと提唱した[Weinschenk : 1905].この語は広く一般に用いられ,有名な適用例はインドのデカン・トラップ(Deccan Traps)で塩基性岩の野外の総称として用いられた.しかし次第に用いられなくなり,現在ではほとんど使用されない. 出典 朝倉書店岩石学辞典について 情報 |
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