Nippur - Nippur (English spelling)

Japanese: ニップール - にっぷーる(英語表記)Nippur
Nippur - Nippur (English spelling)

Nufal is a city ruin located about 30 km northeast of Diwaniyah in southern Iraq. Its current name is Nufal. Since the first investigation was conducted by American archaeologist Hermann Hilprecht (1859-1925) at the end of the 19th century, several investigations have been conducted to date. It developed as a religious center worshiping Enlil, the supreme god of Sumer. Remains from the Uruk period to the Parthian period (around 3500 BC to 226 AD) have been confirmed, but the sacred area (Ekur) where the Enlil Temple and Ziggurat are located from the Early Dynastic Period to the Third Dynasty of Ur (around 2060 BC to 1950 BC) occupy a particularly vast area. In addition, the Inanna Temple and the North Temple were built during the Early Dynastic Period, which confirm the religious character of the city, but it never became a political center throughout its history. Numerous clay tablets as well as the remains of houses have also been discovered on the Hill of Tablets.

[Yayoi Yamazaki]

Statue of Ur-Nammu
Cornerstone statue of the Temple of Inanna. Neo-Sumerian period (around 2112-2095 BC). Copper alloy. Height 27.3 cm. Excavated from Nippur, Iraq . Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art .

Statue of Ur-Nammu

Early Dynastic Cuneiform
Document regarding the distribution of copper knives. Early Dynastic Period (c. 2600-2350 BC). Clay. 6.8 x 4.9 cm. Excavated in Nippur, Iraq . Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art .

Early Dynastic Cuneiform


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イラク南部、ディワニヤの北東約30キロメートルにある都市遺跡。現在名はヌファル。19世紀末にアメリカの考古学者H・ヒルプレヒトHermann Hilprecht(1859―1925)らによる最初の調査が行われて以来、今日まで数回の調査が行われている。シュメールの最高神エンリルを祀(まつ)る宗教的中心都市として発達した。ウルク期からパルティア時代まで(前3500ころ~後226)の遺構が確認されているが、とくに初期王朝期からウル第3王朝期(前2060ころ~前1950ころ)のエンリル神殿とジッグラトの存在する神域(エクル)は広大な面積を占める。このほかに初期王朝期にはイナンナ神殿、北神殿なども建立されており、都市の宗教的性格を裏づけているが、その歴史を通じて政治的中心となることはなかった。またタブレットの丘からは多数の粘土板のほか、住居址(し)なども発見されている。

[山崎やよい]

ウルナンム像
イナンナ神殿の定礎像。新シュメール期(紀元前2112~前2095年ころ) 銅合金 高さ27.3cm イラク ニップール出土メトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

ウルナンム像

初期王朝時代の楔形文字
銅製ナイフの配布に関する文書。初期王朝期(紀元前2600~2350年ころ) 粘土 6.8×4.9cm イラク ニップール出土メトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

初期王朝時代の楔形文字


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