Gajutsu - Arts

Japanese: ガジュツ - がじゅつ
Gajutsu - Arts

A perennial plant of the ginger family (APG classification: Zingiberaceae). The rhizome thickens into a pear shape, and leaves grow directly above ground. The leaves are elliptical, narrow at both ends, hairless, 25-60 cm long, 10-15 cm wide, and have purple spots along the central midvein. The petiole is longer than the leaf blade, and the collection of leaf sheaths forms a pseudostem. In summer, a flower stalk emerges from the side of the pseudostem (the tip of the rhizome), and bears an elliptical spike 6-15 cm long at the beginning. The bracts are green at the bottom, purple at the top, crimson at the tip, with white calyx and yellow corolla. Native to the eastern Himalayas and northeastern India, it is cultivated in southern Asia, particularly in Kumamoto Prefecture and Yakushima Island in Japan. For medicinal purposes, gajutsu is usually obtained by washing the main rhizome, blanching it as is, and drying it, or by removing the cork bark, slicing it thinly without blanching it, and drying it. The camphorated and musky smell is due to essential oils. It has a pungent and bitter taste when chewed, making it an extremely effective bitter, aromatic, and pungent stomachic carminative, and is used not only to treat stomachache, indigestion, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and vomiting, but also as a menstrual emulsifier. It also contains a large amount of starch, so in the Bengal region, it is crushed, washed repeatedly, and refined, and is called shoti starch, and because of its high quality, it is eaten by children and convalescent patients. The Chinese name is thought to be a transliteration of the Hindi and Bengali word kachura.

[Motoo Nagasawa June 18, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ショウガ科(APG分類:ショウガ科)の多年草。根茎はなし状に肥厚し、地上に葉を真上に出す。葉は楕円(だえん)形で両端は細く、無毛で長さ25~60センチメートル、幅10~15センチメートル、中央の主脈に沿って紫斑(しはん)があるのが特徴となる。葉柄は葉身より長く、葉鞘(ようしょう)の集まりが偽茎をつくる。夏に偽茎の横(根茎の先端)から花茎を出して、長さ6~15センチメートル、楕円形の穂状花序を先につける。包葉の下部は緑色、上部は紫色、先端は紅(べに)色で、萼(がく)は白色、花冠は黄色である。ヒマラヤ東部、インド北東部の原産で、栽培はアジア南部がとくに多く、日本では熊本県、屋久島で行われている。薬用としては通例、主根茎を洗い、そのまま湯通しして乾燥したもの、またはコルク皮を除き湯通しせずに薄く輪切りにして乾燥したものをガジュツという。樟脳(しょうのう)とじゃ香の混じったにおいがするのは精油による。かむと辛味と苦味があるので、苦味芳香辛味性健胃駆風剤として非常に優れた作用をもっており、胃痛、消化不良、腹満、腹痛、嘔吐(おうと)を治すだけでなく、通経剤としても使用する。またデンプンを多量に含有しているので、ベンガル地方ではこれを砕いて何回も水洗いして精製したものをショティスターチshoti starchと称し、良質なので子供や回復期の患者の食用とする。漢名はヒンディー語、ベンガル語のkachuraの音写によると思われる。

[長沢元夫 2019年6月18日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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