Eye movement

Japanese: 眼球運動 - がんきゅううんどう（英語表記）eye movement

This refers to eye movement caused by the action of the extraocular muscles. For example, the command "look to the right" is issued at the eye movement center in the cerebral cortex, which is then transmitted to the supranuclear center in the brainstem, where it reaches the eye movement nucleus needed to look to the right. It then travels via peripheral nerves to the extraocular muscles, causing the eyes to move. Smooth eye movement is achieved by a combination of such voluntary movements and reflex movements that occur independently of will. The purpose of eye movement is to grasp the image of an object in the outside world on the very narrow part of the retina called the fovea, which is the most sensitive part of the retina, and to keep the image of the object continuously held on the fovea even when the body or head is moving.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

外眼筋の働きによって眼が動くことをいう。たとえば，大脳皮質の眼球運動の中枢で〈右を見よ〉という命令が発せられ，それが脳幹の核上中枢に伝えられ右を見るのに必要な眼球運動の神経核に達する。それから末梢神経を経て外眼筋へ到達し眼が動くことになる。このような随意運動と，意志とは無関係に起こる反射運動の組合せによって眼球運動は円滑に行われる。眼球運動の目的は，外界の物体像を網膜の感度のいちばん鋭敏な中心窩（か）というごく狭い部分で把握し，体や頭が動いているときも物体の像を持続的に中心窩の上に保持しつづけることにある。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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